Fogelman K R, Manor O
Social Statistics Research Unit, City University, London.
BMJ. 1988 Nov 12;297(6658):1233-6. doi: 10.1136/bmj.297.6658.1233.
Follow up analyses of data on the 1958 cohort from the national child development study have shown that the association of smoking in pregnancy with physical and intellectual development diverges between the sexes at age 16, no longer being significantly associated with height in girls. These studies, however, have emphasised that the differences in outcome are small and may be explained by other factors. The analyses have taken account of birth weight and have therefore examined the effects of smoking on subsequent development in addition to this variable. To assess the importance of smoking on development in early adult life and whether the effect is independent of birth weight data from the 1958 cohort at age 23 were analysed. Only weak evidence for a relation between smoking in pregnancy and self reported height of the offspring was apparent once social class, size of family, mothers' height, and birth weight for gestational age were taken into account. After omission of birth weight from the analyses, however, the average difference in height between subjects whose mothers smoked 20 cigarettes a day or more during the second half of pregnancy and those whose mothers did not was 0.93 cm in men and 1.83 cm in women. A strong association was also evident with the highest qualification achieved by subjects at this age, suggesting a long term relation between smoking in pregnancy and the intellectual development of the offspring.
对全国儿童发展研究中1958年出生队列数据的后续分析表明，孕期吸烟与身体和智力发育的关联在16岁时出现性别差异，在女孩中不再与身高显著相关。然而，这些研究强调，结果差异很小，可能由其他因素解释。这些分析考虑了出生体重，因此除了该变量外，还研究了吸烟对后续发育的影响。为了评估吸烟对成年早期发育的重要性以及这种影响是否独立于出生体重，对1958年出生队列23岁时的数据进行了分析。一旦考虑到社会阶层、家庭规模、母亲身高和孕周出生体重，孕期吸烟与后代自我报告身高之间的关系仅有微弱证据。然而，在分析中剔除出生体重后，孕期后半期母亲每天吸烟20支或更多的受试者与母亲不吸烟的受试者之间，男性的平均身高差异为0.93厘米，女性为1.83厘米。在这个年龄受试者所获得的最高学历方面也存在明显的强关联，表明孕期吸烟与后代智力发育之间存在长期关系。
