Alderson M R
Br J Ind Med. 1972 Jul;29(3):245-54. doi: 10.1136/oem.29.3.245.
245-254. Shortly after the Registrar General (1855) produced the first tables of occupational mortality there were doubts about the accuracy of this material. This paper reviews the development of the decennial reports on occupational mortality and the attempts that have been made to improve the quality of the analyses. Information on a representative sample of deaths among men aged 20 to 64 dying in Bristol during 1962/63 is reported. Occupational histories were obtained for 591 (85%) of the subjects in the sample and were coded. These codings are compared with the coding of the occupations recorded at death registration. Comparison of the occupation recorded at death registration and the final occupation from the interview indicated that there was complete agreement for 79% of subjects; there were negligible discrepancies for 6%, minor discrepancies for 5%, and major discrepancies for 10%. Forty-one percent of the subjects were known to have had two occupations, and 13% of the subjects three or more. The occupation recorded at death registration was compared with the principal occupation recorded at interview. Complete agreement was found for 58% of the subjects, and the proportion of major differences rose to 28%. Most of these differences between the two sets of data were due to a reported change in occupation during the working life of the men in the study. It was not possible to tell if this switch from one occupation to another was a result of the onset of the disease. A number of authors have drawn attention to the fact that the onset of occupationally induced disease may be associated with declining work capacity and that this can result in an individual changing his job. Because the occupational mortality rates published by the Registrar General relate to the final occupation recorded at death registration, occupationally induced disease associated with changes in occupation will not show up in these rates. A number of ways of overcoming this difficulty are discussed; a chronological occupational history might be obtained either at death registration or by linking the occupations of an individual recorded at successive censuses. It might then be possible to calculate mortality rates by principal occupation. This would add considerably to the burden of data collection and processing, and there is no clear evidence that the rates so obtained could justify the additional effort. It is suggested that occupational mortality data, as published by the Registrar General, are extremely useful as a background to the study and understanding of occupational disease and mortality; despite doubts about the accuracy of the material, the study supports the continued production of this supplement following each decennial census.
245 - 254。总登记官（1855年）公布首批职业死亡率表格后不久，人们就对这些数据的准确性产生了怀疑。本文回顾了职业死亡率十年期报告的发展历程以及为提高分析质量所做的努力。报告了1962/63年在布里斯托尔死亡的20至64岁男性中具有代表性的死亡样本信息。样本中的591名（85%）受试者获得了职业史并进行了编码。将这些编码与死亡登记时记录的职业编码进行比较。死亡登记时记录的职业与访谈得出的最终职业的比较表明，79%的受试者完全一致；6%的受试者差异可忽略不计，5%的受试者差异较小，10%的受试者差异较大。已知41%的受试者有两份职业，13%的受试者有三份或更多职业。将死亡登记时记录的职业与访谈时记录的主要职业进行比较。58%的受试者完全一致，主要差异的比例上升到28%。两组数据之间的这些差异大多是由于研究中的男性在工作生涯中职业发生了变化。无法判断从一种职业转换到另一种职业是否是疾病发作的结果。一些作者已经注意到职业性疾病的发作可能与工作能力下降有关，这可能导致个人更换工作。由于总登记官公布的职业死亡率与死亡登记时记录的最终职业有关，与职业变化相关的职业性疾病在这些死亡率中不会显现出来。讨论了克服这一困难的多种方法；可以在死亡登记时或通过将连续几次人口普查中记录的个人职业联系起来获得按时间顺序排列的职业史。然后有可能按主要职业计算死亡率。这将大大增加数据收集和处理的负担，而且没有明确证据表明这样获得的死亡率值得付出额外的努力。建议总登记官公布的职业死亡率数据作为研究和理解职业疾病及死亡率的背景非常有用；尽管对数据的准确性存在疑问，但该研究支持在每十年一次的人口普查后继续编制这份补充资料。
