Lauer J L, VanDrunen N A, Washburn J W, Balfour H H
J Infect Dis. 1979 Oct;140(4):513-6. doi: 10.1093/infdis/140.4.513.
The transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in clinical laboratory areas was delineated by the use of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) as presumptive evidence for the presence of the infective agent. Twenty-six (34%) of 76 environmental surfaces sampled were positive for HBsAg. The outer surfaces of blood- and serum-specimen containers had HBsAg contamination rates of 55% (six of 11) and 44% (four of nine), respectively. Subsequent handling of pipetting aids, marking devices, and other items led to their contamination and further dissemination of HBsAg. An assay instrument for complete determinations of blood cell counts was observed to splatter and drip blood during its operation. The contamination rate for environmental surfaces associated with this instrument was 15%. The data indicate that transmission of HBV in the clinical laboratory is subtle and mainly via hand contact with contaminated items during the various steps of blood processing. These data support the concept that the portal of entry of HBV is through inapparent breaks in skin and mucous membranes.
通过使用乙型肝炎表面抗原（HBsAg）作为感染因子存在的推定证据，确定了临床实验室区域乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）的传播情况。在采集的76个环境表面样本中，有26个（34%）HBsAg呈阳性。血液和血清样本容器的外表面HBsAg污染率分别为55%（11个中的6个）和44%（9个中的4个）。随后对移液器辅助工具、标记设备和其他物品的处理导致了它们的污染以及HBsAg的进一步传播。观察到一台用于全血细胞计数的检测仪器在运行过程中会溅出和滴下血液。与该仪器相关的环境表面污染率为15%。数据表明，临床实验室中HBV的传播很隐匿，主要是在血液处理的各个步骤中通过手接触受污染物品传播。这些数据支持了HBV的进入途径是通过皮肤和黏膜上不明显破损处的观点。
