Catanzaro P J, Schwartz H J, Graham R C
Am J Pathol. 1971 Aug;64(2):387-404.
Carrageenan, a sulfated polygalactose which suppresses established delayed hypersensitivity in vivo, is shown to be cytotoxic to macrophages but not to lymphocytes in vitro. This cytotoxicity depends on the carrageenan concentration and degree of lysosomal differentiation but is independent of serum. Survival of macrophages in the presence of carrageenan can be enhanced temporarily by corticosteroids. Ultrastructural studies reveal that carrageenan is readily taken up by macrophages and stored in lysosomes, which subsequently swell and rupture, apparently resulting in cell death. The presence of corticosteroids temporarily retards lysosome swelling. It is suggested that carrageenan may exert its cytotoxic effect by causing osmotic rupture of lysosomes. The possible immunologic significance of these findings is discussed.
角叉菜胶是一种硫酸化的聚半乳糖，它能在体内抑制已形成的迟发型超敏反应，在体外显示对巨噬细胞具有细胞毒性，但对淋巴细胞无毒性。这种细胞毒性取决于角叉菜胶的浓度和溶酶体的分化程度，但与血清无关。皮质类固醇可暂时增强巨噬细胞在角叉菜胶存在下的存活率。超微结构研究表明，角叉菜胶很容易被巨噬细胞摄取并储存在溶酶体中，随后溶酶体肿胀并破裂，显然导致细胞死亡。皮质类固醇的存在可暂时延缓溶酶体肿胀。有人提出，角叉菜胶可能通过引起溶酶体的渗透性破裂发挥其细胞毒性作用。讨论了这些发现可能的免疫学意义。
