Schliwa M, Euteneuer U, Herzog W, Weber K
J Cell Biol. 1979 Dec;83(3):623-32. doi: 10.1083/jcb.83.3.623.
Melanophores of the angelfish, pterophyllum scalare, have previously been shown to display approximately 2,400 microtubules in cells wih pigment dispersed; these microtubules radiate from a presumptive organizing center, the central apparatus (CA), and their number is reduced to approximately 1,000 in the state with aggregated pigment (M. Schliwa and U. Euteneuer, 1978, J. Supramol. Struct. 8:177-190). In an attempt to elucidate the factors controlling this rapid reorganization of the microtubule apparatus, structure and function of the CA have been investigated under different physiological conditions. As a function of the state of pigment distribution, melanophores differ markedly with respect to CA organization. A complex of dense amorphous aggregates and associated fuzzy material, several micrometers in diameter, surrounds the centrioles in cells with pigment dispersed, and numerous microtubules emanate from this complex in a radial fashion. In the aggregated state, on the other hand, few microtubules are observed in the pericentiolar region, and the amount of fibrous material is greatly reduced. These changes in CA morphology as a function of the state of pigment distribution are associated with a marked difference in its capacity to initiatiate the assembly of microtubules from exogenous pure porcine brain tubulin in lysed cell preparations. After complete removal of preexisting microtubules, cells lysed in the dispersed state into a solution of 1-2 mg/ml pure tubulin have numerous microtubules associated with the CA in radial fashion, while cells lysed in the aggregated state nucleate the assembly of only a few microtubules. We conclude that it is the activity of the CA that basically regulates the expression of microtubules. This regulation is achieved through a variation in the capacity to initiate microtubule assembly. Increase or decrease in the amount of dense material, as readily observed in the cell system studied here, seems to be a morphologic expression of such a physiologic function.
神仙鱼（Pterophyllum scalare）的黑素细胞先前已显示，在色素分散的细胞中约有2400根微管；这些微管从一个假定的组织中心——中央装置（CA）放射状发出，在色素聚集状态下其数量减少到约1000根（M. 施利瓦和U. 尤特内尔，1978年，《超分子结构杂志》8:177 - 190）。为了阐明控制微管装置这种快速重组的因素，已在不同生理条件下研究了CA的结构和功能。作为色素分布状态的一个函数，黑素细胞在CA组织方面有显著差异。在色素分散的细胞中，直径几微米的致密无定形聚集体和相关的模糊物质组成的复合体围绕着中心粒，许多微管以放射状从这个复合体发出。另一方面，在聚集状态下，在中心粒周围区域观察到的微管很少，纤维状物质的量也大大减少。CA形态随色素分布状态的这些变化与其在裂解细胞制剂中从外源纯猪脑微管蛋白启动微管组装能力的显著差异相关。在完全去除预先存在的微管后，分散状态下裂解到1 - 2毫克/毫升纯微管蛋白溶液中的细胞有许多微管以放射状与CA相关联，而聚集状态下裂解的细胞仅使少数微管组装成核。我们得出结论，基本上是CA的活性调节微管的表达。这种调节是通过启动微管组装能力的变化来实现的。在这里研究的细胞系统中很容易观察到的致密物质数量的增加或减少，似乎是这种生理功能的一种形态学表现。
