Gramstad L, Stovner J
Br J Anaesth. 1979 Dec;51(12):1175-9. doi: 10.1093/bja/51.12.1175.
The cremophor-containing anaesthetic agents, Althesin, propanidid and diazepam, were added to plasma in vitro and administered to patients. In vitro these anaesthetics, and cremophor alone in concentrations equal to those obtained in vivo, decreased the viscosity of plasma 45% at shear rate 11.5 s-1. In 11 patients given cremophor-containing anaesthetics to induce anaesthesia, plasma samples obtained 5 min after injection showed a mean decrease in viscosity of 42% compared with the pre-induction values. The effect on viscosity after a single dose disappeared in 50 min. Triton x-100 added to plasma caused a decrease in viscosity similar to that of cremophor. The interaction in vitro of cremophor and Triton x-100 with concentrated urea was found to be identical both in plasma and dextran. This suggests that cremophor acts by increasing the sheet of structured water around the protein molecules, thereby preventing the aggregation of proteins.
含聚氧乙烯蓖麻油的麻醉剂，即阿法沙龙、丙泮尼地和地西泮，在体外被添加到血浆中并给予患者。在体外，这些麻醉剂以及单独的聚氧乙烯蓖麻油在与体内获得的浓度相等时，在剪切速率为11.5 s-1时可使血浆粘度降低45%。在11例接受含聚氧乙烯蓖麻油麻醉剂诱导麻醉的患者中，注射后5分钟采集的血浆样本显示，与诱导前值相比，粘度平均降低了42%。单剂量给药后对粘度的影响在50分钟内消失。添加到血浆中的曲拉通x-100导致的粘度降低与聚氧乙烯蓖麻油相似。发现在体外聚氧乙烯蓖麻油和曲拉通x-100与浓缩尿素在血浆和葡聚糖中的相互作用是相同的。这表明聚氧乙烯蓖麻油通过增加蛋白质分子周围结构化水的层来起作用，从而防止蛋白质聚集。
