Kaplan M M, Wiktor T, Koprowski H
Bull World Health Organ. 1966;34(2):293-7.
An intracerebral assay technique in mice is described for testing chemical disinfectants acting on the rabies virus. The assay determines whether more than 99% of 10 000 mouse intracerebral LD(50) of virus are inactivated within 1-2(1/2) minutes. By this test, several substances usually available for the treatment of animal bite wounds were found to be effective. They are: 1%-20% soap solutions; 43%-70% alcohol; 1:1000 (0.1%) or lower dilutions of two quaternary ammonium compounds, benzalkonium chloride and cetrimonium bromide; 1:10 000 or lower dilutions of iodine; acetone; and ether.Several other substances tested for possible use in environmental disinfection were also found to be virucidal. They were: 3% caustic soda and commercial preparations of organic phenols, iodine, and a mixture of trisodium phosphate and sodium hypochlorite. No virucidal effect was exerted by a 2% aqueous solution of mercurochrome, a 1:1000 aqueous solution of thiomersal, or 3% formalin (1% formaldehyde).A number of substances that inactivate rabies virus have thus become available for local treatment of bite wounds and for environmental disinfection. The assay procedure described may be useful in testing other disinfectants and chemical substances.
本文描述了一种用于测试作用于狂犬病病毒的化学消毒剂的小鼠脑内检测技术。该检测可确定在1至2.5分钟内，10000个小鼠脑内病毒半数致死量（LD50）中超过99%的病毒是否被灭活。通过该测试，发现几种通常可用于治疗动物咬伤伤口的物质是有效的。它们是：1%-20%的肥皂溶液；43%-70%的酒精；两种季铵化合物（苯扎氯铵和西曲溴铵）1:1000（0.1%）或更低的稀释液；1:10000或更低的碘稀释液；丙酮；以及乙醚。还发现几种测试用于环境消毒的其他物质具有杀病毒作用。它们是：3%的苛性钠以及有机酚、碘的商业制剂，还有磷酸三钠和次氯酸钠的混合物。红汞2%的水溶液、硫柳汞1:1000的水溶液或3%的福尔马林（1%的甲醛）没有杀病毒作用。因此，许多能灭活狂犬病病毒的物质可用于咬伤伤口的局部治疗和环境消毒。所描述的检测程序可能有助于测试其他消毒剂和化学物质。
