Acceleration of peritoneal mass transport by drugs and hormones.

The major restrictions to the transport of solute and solvent across the peritoneum are the limited peritoneal blood flow, area and permeability. Recent investigations have demonstrated that several vasoactive drugs influence transport parameters. Isoproterenol, nitroprusside, dipyridamole and dopamine exemplify drugs that dilate the splanchnic vasculature, thereby augmenting transport, whereas vasoconstriction induced by l-norepinephrine decreases clearances. The tissue prostaglandins affect peritoneal mass transport in accord with their known vasoactive effects, suggesting a role in modulating peritoneal blood flow. The gastrointestinal hormones vasodilate the splanchnic circulation. Exposure of the endothelial surface to glucagon markedly increases peritoneal mass transport, while secretin increases the ultrafiltration rate significantly. These preliminary studies suggest the possible future clinical use of drugs and hormones to augment the efficiency of peritoneal dialysis.