Kelly J F, Hake D F
J Exp Anal Behav. 1970 Sep;14(2):153-64. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1970.14-153.
Nine subjects, 14 to 18 yr old, pulled a knob on a schedule of monetary reinforcement. Concurrently, they escaped or avoided periodic presentations of a tone by pressing a button that required 1.5 lb (6.67 N) of force or by punching a padded cushion that required 20 lb (88.96 N) of force. The punching response was designated as an aggressive response because the force of this response together with its topography was comparable to responses of humans that deface objects and produce escape or counter aggression from other humans. It was found that button pressing was the preferred concurrent avoidance response and there were few punches. However, when the monetary reinforcer was discontinued (extinction) punching increased for seven of the nine subjects, but there was no consistent change in the rate of button pressing. When the punching response was replaced by another non-preferred but non-aggressive response, neither this response nor button pressing increased during extinction. Hence, the increase in punching during extinction cannot be attributed solely to the fact that it was a concurrent response or a non-preferred response.
9名年龄在14至18岁之间的受试者，按照金钱强化计划拉动一个旋钮。同时，他们通过按下一个需要1.5磅（6.67牛）力的按钮，或者击打一个需要20磅（88.96牛）力的软垫来逃避或避免定期出现的音调。击打反应被指定为攻击性行为反应，因为这种反应的力度及其形式与人类损毁物体并从他人那里获得逃避或反击的反应相当。研究发现，按按钮是首选的同时性回避反应，很少有击打行为。然而，当金钱强化物停止（消退）时，9名受试者中有7名的击打行为增加了，但按按钮的速率没有一致的变化。当击打反应被另一种非首选但非攻击性的反应取代时，在消退过程中，这种反应和按按钮行为都没有增加。因此，消退过程中击打行为的增加不能仅仅归因于它是一种同时性反应或非首选反应这一事实。
