Russell J B, Mitchell D E, Musey P I, Collins D C
Fertil Steril. 1984 Nov;42(5):690-5. doi: 10.1016/s0015-0282(16)48192-6.
Competitive swimmers were followed over a 2-year period when they trained at different levels of exercise which coincided with distinct changes in their menstrual history. Oligomenorrhea was identified in 5 of 13 of these athletes when they swam approximately 100,000 yards per week. Weight and percentage of body fat were not significantly different between the period of oligomenorrhea and regular menstrual function (P = 0.24). Mean and median levels of luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, prolactin, and 17beta-estradiol were decreased and catechol estrogens and beta-endorphins were increased in serum during the strenuous, when compared with the moderate, training period. The serum levels of the steroid and protein hormones were similar to those of normal cycling, nonexercising control subjects during moderate exercise (60,000 yards per week). The significant differences between beta-endorphins and catechol estrogens during periods of strenuous exercise suggest an explanation for oligomenorrhea in female athletes. These hormonal changes result in hypothalamic anovulation, which appears to be reversible, because the hormone levels and menstrual cycles return to normal when the exercise is reduced.
对竞技游泳运动员进行了为期两年的跟踪研究，在此期间他们进行不同强度的训练，这与她们月经史的明显变化相吻合。当这些运动员每周游泳约100,000码时，13名运动员中有5名出现了月经过少。月经过少期与正常月经功能期之间的体重和体脂百分比无显著差异（P = 0.24）。与中等强度训练期相比，在高强度训练期，血清中促黄体生成素、促卵泡激素、催乳素和17β-雌二醇的平均水平和中位数水平降低，儿茶酚雌激素和β-内啡肽增加。在中等强度运动（每周60,000码）期间，类固醇和蛋白质激素的血清水平与正常月经周期、不运动的对照受试者相似。高强度运动期间β-内啡肽和儿茶酚雌激素之间的显著差异为女性运动员月经过少提供了一种解释。这些激素变化导致下丘脑无排卵，这似乎是可逆的，因为当运动量减少时，激素水平和月经周期会恢复正常。
