Lacey R W, Lord V L, Gunasekera H K, Leiberman P J, Luxton D E
Lancet. 1980 Jun 14;1(8181):1270-3. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(80)91732-8.
279 patients were treated with 100 mg trimethoprim or 100 mg trimethoprim combined with 500 mg sulphamethoxazole (co-trimoxazole) twice daily for 5 days in a prospective randomised double-blind trial. In chest infections in patients in general practice and in an acute geriatric assessment unit, the efficacy of each regimen was similar, but there were more side-effects with co-trimoxazole than with trimethoprim alone. In urinary-tract infections the two regimens also produced similar cure rates. Treatment with trimethoprim rarely selected resistant pathogens in the sputum or resistant Enterobacteriacae in the intestine, although the incidence of resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci on the skin increased with both regimens. Most chest and urinary infections hitherto treated with co-trimoxazole should be treated with trimethoprim alone.
在一项前瞻性随机双盲试验中，279名患者接受了每日两次、每次100毫克甲氧苄啶或100毫克甲氧苄啶联合500毫克磺胺甲恶唑（复方新诺明）的治疗，疗程为5天。在全科医疗患者以及急性老年评估单元患者的胸部感染中，每种治疗方案的疗效相似，但复方新诺明的副作用比单用甲氧苄啶更多。在尿路感染中，两种治疗方案的治愈率也相似。尽管两种治疗方案都会使皮肤耐凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌的发生率增加，但甲氧苄啶治疗很少会在痰液中选择耐药病原体或在肠道中选择耐药肠杆菌科细菌。迄今为止，大多数用复方新诺明治疗的胸部和泌尿系统感染都应单用甲氧苄啶进行治疗。
