Nathanson C A
J Community Health. 1977 Winter;3(2):142-55. doi: 10.1007/BF01674236.
Preventive health behavior is broadly defined to encompass a spectrum of actions that range from voluntary exposure to the risk of disease, injury, or death to active efforts at prevention or detection of disease. Data are presented to show that men, in our culture engage in more risk-taking behavior and take preventive measures less frequently than women, while women avoid risks and take preventive action, particularly when this action requires medical intervention. The literature review supports the hypothesis that these differences in behavior arise out of the socialization and adult role patterns that our society defines as appropriate for each sex. Women, in particular, are encouraged to define their problems in medical terms and to seek help for them within the medical care system.
预防性健康行为的定义较为宽泛，涵盖了一系列行为，从自愿暴露于疾病、受伤或死亡风险，到积极采取预防或疾病检测措施。所呈现的数据表明，在我们的文化中，男性比女性更常从事冒险行为且较少采取预防措施，而女性则规避风险并采取预防行动，尤其是当这种行动需要医疗干预时。文献综述支持了这样一种假设，即这些行为差异源于我们社会所定义的、适合每种性别的社会化过程和成人角色模式。特别是女性，她们被鼓励用医学术语界定自身问题，并在医疗保健系统内寻求帮助。
