Genetic variation in restriction patterns among mouse amylase gene complexes.

The expression of pancreatic amylase in the mouse exhibits pronounced genetic variation. Congenic lines with various amylase complexes on a common C3H/As background have different numbers and forms of isoenzymes. The relative ratio of these isoenzymes may vary, as does the overall production of pancreatic amylase, which in some lines is three- to fourfold higher than in others. DNA from a number of lines was digested with endonucleases and hybridized to an amylase cDNA probe. The restriction patterns from inbred stocks and the corresponding congenic lines are identical, demonstrating that the majority of (if not all) amylase-like DNA sequences is found within the amylase complex. Congenic lines with specific amylase expression, for instance, in enzyme production, show different restriction patterns, whereas three lines with the same amylase phenotype have a uniform pattern. Most of the variation in amylase expression is represented among congenic lines derived from Danish mice. A comparison of such lines with others of remote geographic origin reveals that the restriction patterns of the "Danish" lines have by far the highest degree of resemblance. This observation seems to exclude major rearrangements within the amylase complex as the cause of the differences in enzyme expression, which instead are likely to be due to variation in regulatory elements associated with the active structural amylase genes in the complex.