Katz L, Feldman L B
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 1983 Jan;9(1):157-66. doi: 10.1037//0278-7393.9.1.157.
The processes responsible for recognition and pronunciation of printed words were studied by means of lexical decision and naming experiments. Two languages were examined: English, which has a complex and deep correspondence between spelling and speech, and Serbo-Croatian, in which the correspondence is simple and direct. It was hypothesized that reliance on articulatory coding (instead of on mediation by the internal lexicon) would be greater for Serbo-Croatian because its shallow orthography would allow more efficient use of spelling-to-speech correspondences. Each target stimulus was preceded by a word that was either related or unrelated semantically. Semantic priming of target words facilitated performance in both lexical decision and naming for English, results suggesting an influence of the internal lexicon on both processes. In contrast, semantic priming facilitated only lexical decision for Serbo-Croatian, which suggests that naming, at least in that language, is not strongly influenced by the internal lexicon. Further, in Serbo-Croatian, lexical decision and naming latencies were correlated when both tasks were not semantically primed and were uncorrelated when either or both tasks received semantic priming. This suggested that articulatory coding is used in lexical decision, at least under conditions in which contextual semantic facilitation is absent. In contrast, in English, lexical decision and naming were correlated uniformly whether semantic facilitation was present or not, which, when considered with the effect of semantic facilitation on naming, suggested a stronger influence of the internal lexicon on both recognition and pronunciation.
通过词汇判断和命名实验研究了负责识别和朗读印刷文字的过程。研究了两种语言：英语，其拼写与语音之间存在复杂而深刻的对应关系；塞尔维亚 - 克罗地亚语，其对应关系简单直接。研究假设，对于塞尔维亚 - 克罗地亚语，对发音编码（而非内部词库的中介作用）的依赖会更大，因为其简单的正字法会允许更有效地利用拼写与语音的对应关系。每个目标刺激之前都有一个在语义上相关或不相关的单词。目标词的语义启动促进了英语在词汇判断和命名任务中的表现，结果表明内部词库对这两个过程都有影响。相比之下，语义启动仅促进了塞尔维亚 - 克罗地亚语的词汇判断，这表明至少在该语言中，命名不受内部词库的强烈影响。此外，在塞尔维亚 - 克罗地亚语中，当两个任务都没有语义启动时，词汇判断和命名潜伏期相关，而当其中一个或两个任务接受语义启动时则不相关。这表明发音编码在词汇判断中被使用，至少在没有上下文语义促进的情况下如此。相比之下，在英语中，无论是否存在语义促进，词汇判断和命名都一致相关，结合语义促进对命名的影响来看，这表明内部词库对识别和发音都有更强的影响。
