Cop Uschi, Keuleers Emmanuel, Drieghe Denis, Duyck Wouter
Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
Psychon Bull Rev. 2015 Oct;22(5):1216-34. doi: 10.3758/s13423-015-0819-2.
This paper presents the first systematic examination of the monolingual and bilingual frequency effect (FE) during natural reading. We analyzed single fixation durations on content words for participants reading an entire novel. Unbalanced bilinguals and monolinguals show a similarly sized FE in their mother tongue (L1), but for bilinguals the FE is considerably larger in their second language (L2) than in their L1. The FE in both L1 and L2 reading decreased with increasing L1 proficiency, but it was not affected by L2 proficiency. Our results are consistent with an account of bilingual language processing that assumes an integrated mental lexicon with exposure as the main determiner for lexical entrenchment. This means that no qualitative difference in language processing between monolingual, bilingual L1, or bilingual L2 is necessary to explain reading behavior. We present this account and argue that not all groups of bilinguals necessarily have lower L1 exposure than monolinguals do and, in line with Kuperman and Van Dyke (Journal of Experimental Psychology, 39 (3), 802-823, 2013), that individual vocabulary size and language exposure change the accuracy of the relative corpus word frequencies and thereby determine the size of the FEs in the same way for all participants.
本文首次对自然阅读过程中的单语和双语频率效应（FE）进行了系统研究。我们分析了参与者阅读整部小说时对实词的单次注视时长。非平衡双语者和单语者在其母语（L1）中表现出大小相似的频率效应，但对于双语者而言，其第二语言（L2）中的频率效应比其L1中的要大得多。L1和L2阅读中的频率效应均随着L1熟练程度的提高而降低，但不受L2熟练程度的影响。我们的研究结果与一种双语语言加工观点一致，该观点假设存在一个整合的心理词库，其中接触频率是词汇巩固的主要决定因素。这意味着，为了解释阅读行为，单语、双语L1或双语L2在语言加工上无需存在质的差异。我们提出了这一观点，并认为并非所有双语群体的L1接触频率必然低于单语者，而且与库珀曼和范戴克（《实验心理学杂志》，第39卷第3期，第802 - 823页，2013年）的观点一致，即个体词汇量和语言接触频率会改变相对语料库词频的准确性，从而以相同方式决定所有参与者的频率效应大小。
