Hall W H, Opfer B J, Gerding D N
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1980 Feb;17(2):273-9. doi: 10.1128/AAC.17.2.273.
A total of 91 multiply resistant bacterial strains, including Klebsiella pneumoniae (32 strains), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (16 strains), and Serratia marcescens (43 strains), were collected during hospital epidemics of nosocomial infection from 1975 to 1979. These strains were resistant to gentamicin, tobramycin, cephalothin, chloramphenicol, and ampicillin. Their susceptibility to three new broad-spectrum beta-lactams, LY127935 (a 1-oxa-beta-lactam), cefotaxime (HR 756), and cefoperazone (T 1551), was compared with the susceptibility of random strains of nine species of aerobic gram-negative bacilli collected in the same hospital in 1979. Susceptibility to cefamandole and ticarcillin was also determined. Strains of staphylococci and streptococci from that hospital and two nearby city-county hospitals were also compared for the three new cephalosporins and other effective antibiotics. The agar dilution method was used to measure the minimum inhibitory concentration for each antibiotic. The multiply resistant strains (minimum inhibitory concentration for gentamicin >/= 8 mug/ml) usually were as susceptible to the three new broad-spectrum beta-lactams as were non-multiply resistant strains. Both Klebsiella pneumoniae and Serratia marcescens, including multiply resistant and non-multiply resistant strains, were most susceptible to the 1-oxa-beta-lactam LY127935 and cefotaxime. P. aeruginosa (both multiply resistant and non-multiply resistant strains) were most susceptible to cefoperazone. All three new beta-lactams were active against non-multiply resistant strains of Escherichia coli, Enterobacter spp., Proteus spp., and Citrobacter spp. Providencia stuartii were most susceptible to cefotaxime and the 1-oxa-beta-lactam LY127935. The three new beta-lactams were all less active against staphylococci (especially methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) than cephalothin. Streptococcus pyogenes and S. pneumoniae were very susceptible to cefotaxime and cefoperazone, though less susceptible to LY127935. None of the three new beta-lactams was active against S. faecalis. All were very active against both penicillinase-positive and -negative strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
1975年至1979年医院内感染流行期间，共收集到91株多重耐药菌株，包括肺炎克雷伯菌（32株）、铜绿假单胞菌（16株）和粘质沙雷氏菌（43株）。这些菌株对庆大霉素、妥布霉素、头孢噻吩、氯霉素和氨苄西林耐药。将它们对三种新型广谱β-内酰胺类药物LY127935（一种1-氧杂-β-内酰胺）、头孢噻肟（HR 756）和头孢哌酮（T 1551）的敏感性，与1979年在同一家医院收集的9种需氧革兰氏阴性杆菌的随机菌株的敏感性进行了比较。还测定了它们对头孢孟多和替卡西林的敏感性。对该医院以及附近两家市县医院的葡萄球菌和链球菌菌株，也比较了这三种新型头孢菌素和其他有效抗生素的敏感性。采用琼脂稀释法测定每种抗生素的最低抑菌浓度。多重耐药菌株（庆大霉素最低抑菌浓度≥8μg/ml）通常与非多重耐药菌株一样，对三种新型广谱β-内酰胺类药物敏感。肺炎克雷伯菌和粘质沙雷氏菌，包括多重耐药和非多重耐药菌株，对1-氧杂-β-内酰胺LY127935和头孢噻肟最敏感。铜绿假单胞菌（多重耐药和非多重耐药菌株）对头孢哌酮最敏感。所有三种新型β-内酰胺类药物对大肠杆菌、肠杆菌属、变形杆菌属和柠檬酸杆菌属的非多重耐药菌株均有活性。斯氏普罗威登斯菌对头孢噻肟和1-氧杂-β-内酰胺LY127935最敏感。这三种新型β-内酰胺类药物对葡萄球菌（尤其是耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌）的活性均低于头孢噻吩。化脓性链球菌和肺炎链球菌对头孢噻肟和头孢哌酮非常敏感，不过对LY127935较不敏感。三种新型β-内酰胺类药物对粪肠球菌均无活性。它们对淋病奈瑟菌的青霉素酶阳性和阴性菌株均非常有活性。
