Fujioka R S, Loh P C, Lau L S
Appl Environ Microbiol. 1980 Jun;39(6):1105-10. doi: 10.1128/aem.39.6.1105-1110.1980.
The stability of certain human enteroviruses in the Hawaiian ocean environment was examined. The present data indicated that the time for 90% reduction of poliovirus type 1 at 24 +/- 1 degree C in seawater samples obtained from different sites in Hawaii ranged from 24 to 48 h, and complete inactivation occurred within 72 to 96 h. The accumulated evidence also strongly indicated that a virus-inactivating agent(s) of a microbiological nature was present in both clean and sewage-polluted seawaters, but not in fresh, mountain stream waters. The antiviral activity was lost when the seawater samples were subjected to boiling, autoclaving, or filtration through a 0.22- or 0.45-micrometer, but not a 1.0-micrometer, membrane filter. That the antiviral activity of the seawater was related to the growth activities of microorganisms was corroborated by the observed effects of added nutrients, a lower temperature of incubation, and the presence of certain antibiotics. Other enteric viruses, such as coxsackie virus B-4 and echo virus-7, were also shown to be similarly inactivated in seawater.
对某些人类肠道病毒在夏威夷海洋环境中的稳定性进行了检测。目前的数据表明，在24±1摄氏度下，从夏威夷不同地点采集的海水样本中，1型脊髓灰质炎病毒减少90%所需的时间为24至48小时，72至96小时内完全失活。累积的证据还强烈表明，清洁海水和受污水污染的海水中均存在一种具有微生物性质的病毒灭活剂，而在新鲜的山间溪流水中则不存在。当海水样本经过煮沸、高压灭菌或通过0.22或0.45微米而非1.0微米的膜过滤器过滤后，抗病毒活性丧失。添加营养物质、较低的孵育温度以及某些抗生素的存在所观察到的效果证实了海水的抗病毒活性与微生物的生长活动有关。其他肠道病毒，如柯萨奇病毒B-4和埃可病毒-7，在海水中也同样被灭活。
