Kimberlin R H, Walker C A, Millson G C, Taylor D M, Robertson P A, Tomlinson A H, Dickinson A G
J Neurol Sci. 1983 Jun;59(3):355-69. doi: 10.1016/0022-510x(83)90021-7.
A variety of disinfection procedures were tested on two strains of scrapie agent, treated either as brain macerates (autoclaving) or as 10% homogenates (chemical treatments). It is suggested that a given treatment should produce a titre loss, of both strains of scrapie, of at least 10(4) units before it be regarded as useful for the disinfection of the agents of scrapie and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). By this criterion, treatment at room temperature with about 4% Hycolin (0.6% chlorinated phenols), 0.2% permanganate, 5% Tego (dodecyl-di(aminoethyl)-glycine) or 5% sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) are unsuitable. However, data indicate that SDS might be used to reduce the heat stability of scrapie agent. Hypochlorite (Sterilex) was the only satisfactory chemical reagent tested. At least 10(4)-10(5) units of infectivity were lost by treatment with hypochlorite containing 1,000 ppm available chlorine after a 4-16 h exposure, or containing 10,000 ppm available chlorine after a half-hour exposure. The latter result points to the use of concentrated hypochlorite (about 2% available chlorine; approximately 20% Sterilex) to decontaminate surfaces. We suggest that the cleaning action of SDS, or other strong detergents, might also help to decontaminate surfaces, but studies on this are needed. Autoclaving at 126 degrees C for 1-2 h reduced titres by 10(3)-10(7) units, depending on the strain of agent. However, total disinfection of brain containing high titres of infectivity was approached only at 136 degrees C when titre losses of about 10(6) units were obtained by autoclaving for 4-32 min. Further studies are needed before we can make simple, general recommendations for the disinfection of CJD agents in hospital practice.
对两株羊瘙痒病病原体进行了多种消毒程序测试，病原体分别处理为脑匀浆（高压灭菌）或10%匀浆（化学处理）。建议在一种处理方法被认为对羊瘙痒病和克雅氏病（CJD）病原体消毒有用之前，它应使两株羊瘙痒病病原体的滴度至少降低10⁴个单位。按照这个标准，在室温下用约4%的Hycolin（0.6%氯酚）、0.2%的高锰酸钾、5%的Tego（十二烷基二（氨乙基）甘氨酸）或5%的十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）处理是不合适的。然而，数据表明SDS可用于降低羊瘙痒病病原体的热稳定性。次氯酸盐（Sterilex）是测试的唯一令人满意的化学试剂。暴露4 - 16小时后，用含1000 ppm有效氯的次氯酸盐处理，或暴露半小时后用含10000 ppm有效氯的次氯酸盐处理，至少损失10⁴ - 10⁵个感染性单位。后一个结果表明可使用浓次氯酸盐（约2%有效氯；约20% Sterilex）对表面进行去污。我们认为SDS或其他强力去污剂的清洁作用可能也有助于对表面进行去污，但对此还需要进行研究。在126℃下高压灭菌1 - 2小时，滴度降低10³ - 10⁷个单位，这取决于病原体的菌株。然而，只有在136℃时，通过4 - 32分钟的高压灭菌获得约10⁶个单位的滴度损失，才接近对含有高滴度感染性的脑进行完全消毒。在我们能够就医院实践中CJD病原体的消毒提出简单、通用的建议之前，还需要进一步研究。
