Stewart R D, Paris P M, Stoy W A, Cannon G
Crit Care Med. 1983 Nov;11(11):851-5. doi: 10.1097/00003246-198311000-00002.
A clinical trial of a 50:50 mixture of nitrous oxide and oxygen for pain relief was carried out to determine the feasibility of its use in a field setting and the side-effects produced by this sedative/analgesic. The gas mixture was delivered from a single-tank system using a demand-valve apparatus which was triggered by the patient's inspiratory effort. This "patient-controlled" sedation/analgesia was provided to 1243 patients over a period of 18 months. Of the 1201 patients evaluated, 20.6% reported minor side-effects consisting of nausea or vomiting (5.7%), dizziness or lightheadedness (10.3%), excitement (3.7%), and numbness (0.3%). Ninety-one (7.6%) patients became drowsy or fell into a light sleep but all were readily aroused by verbal command. All retained the ability to cough or swallow on command. No consistent or clinically adverse changes were found in BP or pulse rates. The trial supports the concept that this agent is a promising sedative/analgesic for the relief of mild to moderate pain and anxiety. Because of its safety, it is particularly suited to use in prehospital emergency care.
开展了一项关于一氧化二氮与氧气按50:50混合用于缓解疼痛的临床试验，以确定其在现场环境中使用的可行性以及这种镇静/镇痛药所产生的副作用。该气体混合物由一个单罐系统通过一个按需阀装置输送，该装置由患者的吸气动作触发。在18个月的时间里，这种“患者自控”的镇静/镇痛法被应用于1243名患者。在接受评估的1201名患者中，20.6%报告有轻微副作用，包括恶心或呕吐（5.7%）、头晕或眩晕（10.3%）、兴奋（3.7%）和麻木（0.3%）。91名（7.6%）患者变得困倦或进入浅睡眠，但均能通过言语指令轻易唤醒。所有人都保留了根据指令咳嗽或吞咽的能力。未发现血压或脉搏率有持续的或临床上不利的变化。该试验支持这样一种观点，即这种药物是一种有前景的镇静/镇痛药，可用于缓解轻至中度疼痛和焦虑。由于其安全性，它特别适合用于院前急救。
