Amey B D, Ballinger J A, Harrison E E
Ann Emerg Med. 1981 May;10(5):247-51. doi: 10.1016/s0196-0644(81)80049-2.
The effects of 50% nitrous oxide and 50% oxygen and of 30% nitrous oxide and 70% oxygen were evaluated in 88 patients with significant pain while in the prehospital setting. Under the telemetry physicians' supervision, EMT-Ps directed patients in the technique of self-administration of the analgesic gas. Fifty percent (36/72) reported complete or almost complete amelioration of pain; all but 15% (11/72) reported some degree of relief. No patients experienced clinically deleterious side effects, although 48% (41/85) reported side effects, of which 90% were mild. The analgesic properties, lack of complications, quick onset and short duration of action, and acceptance by patients, physicians, and paramedics make N2O a nearly ideal analgesic agent for advanced life support use in the prehospital relief of significant pain.
在院前环境中，对88例疼痛严重的患者评估了50%氧化亚氮和50%氧气以及30%氧化亚氮和70%氧气的效果。在遥测医师的监督下，急诊医疗技术员 - 护理人员指导患者进行镇痛气体的自我给药技术。50%（36/72）的患者报告疼痛完全或几乎完全缓解；除15%（11/72）外，所有患者均报告有一定程度的缓解。尽管48%（41/85）的患者报告有副作用，但其中90%为轻度，没有患者出现临床有害副作用。氧化亚氮的镇痛特性、无并发症、起效快和作用持续时间短，以及患者、医生和护理人员的接受度，使其成为院前缓解严重疼痛的高级生命支持中近乎理想的镇痛剂。
