Spiegelhalder B
Scand J Work Environ Health. 1983;9 Suppl 2:15-26.
Only a few data are available on the occurrence of carcinogenic compounds in the air at workplaces in the rubber industry, with the exception of data on total particulates and solvents. The available information allows the indication of some specific workplaces with elevated exposure levels. Recent investigations of nitrosamines in the rubber industry indicate the widespread occurrence of considerable levels of nitrosodimethylamine and nitrosomorpholine. In an effort to elucidate the origin and formation of nitrosamines in this industry, chemicals as well as the air in various areas were analyzed. All chemicals used for rubber compounding contain nitrosamines if they are derivatives of secondary amines, eg, tetramethylthiuram, zinc diethyldithiocarbamate or N-oxydiethylene benzothiazolylsulfenamide. Accordingly, variable concentrations of airborne nitrosamines could be detected at places where rubber products are manufactured or stored. The nitrosamines found correspond to the compounded chemicals. The original nitrosamine level in rubber chemicals is not high enough to explain the amounts found in rubber products and in air. Therefore additional nitrosation had to be considered. The responsible nitrosating agents are described. Preliminary results show that, in most cases, either by elimination of the nitrosating agent or by the exchange of rubber chemicals nitrosamine levels in the work area can be drastically reduced.
除了关于总颗粒物和溶剂的数据外，橡胶行业工作场所空气中致癌化合物的发生情况仅有少量数据。现有信息能够指出一些暴露水平较高的特定工作场所。橡胶行业近期对亚硝胺的调查表明，相当水平的亚硝基二甲胺和亚硝基吗啉广泛存在。为了阐明该行业中亚硝胺的来源和形成，对各种区域的化学品以及空气进行了分析。所有用于橡胶配方的化学品，如果它们是仲胺的衍生物，例如四甲基秋兰姆、二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸锌或N-氧二亚乙基苯并噻唑基亚磺酰胺，都含有亚硝胺。因此，在橡胶产品制造或储存的地方可以检测到空气中不同浓度的亚硝胺。所发现的亚硝胺与配方化学品相对应。橡胶化学品中原有的亚硝胺水平不足以解释在橡胶产品和空气中发现的量。因此必须考虑额外的亚硝化作用。描述了相关的亚硝化剂。初步结果表明，在大多数情况下，通过消除亚硝化剂或更换橡胶化学品，工作区域内的亚硝胺水平可以大幅降低。
