Spiegelhalder B, Preussmann R
IARC Sci Publ. 1982(41):231-43.
Occupational exposure to N-nitrosamines in the rubber industry was first reported by Fajen et al. (1979). In order to study the origin and formation of nitrosamines in this industry, chemicals and industrial products, as well as the air in various working areas, were analysed (Spiegelhalder et al., 1980). All chemicals used for rubber compounding contain nitrosamines if they are derivatives of secondary amines; e.g., tetramethylthiurame, zinc-diethyldithiocarbamate or N-oxydiethylene benzothiazolylsulfenamide. All rubber products containing these dialkyl amine derivatives exhibited considerable levels of the corresponding nitrosamines. Accordingly, variable concentrations of airborne nitrosamines could be detected at places where rubber products are manufactured or stored. The nitrosamines found correspond to the compounded chemicals. The original nitrosamine level in rubber chemicals is not high enough to explain the amounts found in rubber products and in air, so that additional nitrosation must occur. The responsible nitrosating agents are described. Preliminary results show that, in most cases, the elimination of nitrosating agents or the use of different rubber chemicals can drastically reduce nitrosamine levels in rubber products and in working areas.
橡胶行业职业接触N-亚硝胺最早由法杰恩等人于1979年报道。为研究该行业中亚硝胺的来源和形成，对化学品、工业产品以及各个工作区域的空气进行了分析（施皮格尔黑尔德等人，1980年）。所有用于橡胶配方的化学品，如果是仲胺衍生物，都含有亚硝胺；例如，四甲基秋兰姆、二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸锌或N-氧二亚乙基苯并噻唑基亚磺酰胺。所有含有这些二烷基胺衍生物的橡胶产品都含有相当水平的相应亚硝胺。因此，在橡胶产品制造或储存的地方可以检测到空气中亚硝胺的不同浓度。所发现的亚硝胺与配方化学品相对应。橡胶化学品中的原始亚硝胺水平不足以解释在橡胶产品和空气中发现的含量，因此必然发生了额外的亚硝化作用。文中描述了相关的亚硝化剂。初步结果表明，在大多数情况下，消除亚硝化剂或使用不同的橡胶化学品可以大幅降低橡胶产品和工作区域中的亚硝胺水平。
