Chien S, Schmid-Schönbein G W, Sung K L, Schmalzer E A, Skalak R
Kroc Found Ser. 1984;16:19-51.
The viscoelastic properties of leukocytes (WBCs) during small deformation were determined by micropipette aspiration. The passive deformation behavior of neutrophils suspended in a Ca2+-free medium in response to a step aspiration pressure consists of an initial rapid, elastic response followed by a creep displacement. These time-dependent responses can be modeled by a viscoelastic solid in which an elastic element (K1) is in parallel with a Maxwell element composed of another elastic element (K2) in series with a viscous element (mu). Variations in temperature (9-40 degrees C) cause an inverse change in mu, but have no effects on K1 and K2. All three coefficients are not affected by decreases in pH down to 5.4; with pH greater than or equal to 7.8, however, K1 and mu increase. Increases in osmolality cause a rise in all three coefficients, especially mu. Colchicine treatment results in selective decreases in mu and K2 without affecting K1. B lymphocytes have viscoelastic coefficients similar to those of neutrophils, but T lymphocytes have higher values for these coefficients. In the presence of 2 mM Ca2+, the neutrophils have higher viscoelastic coefficients than in Ca2+-free medium, and they form protopods which have greater resistance than the main cell body to deformation by micropipette aspiration. Morphometric analysis shows that WBCs have large excess membrane area due to the presence of membrane foldings, which facilitate WBC deformation at constant area. During filtration through 5-micrometers sieves, WBCs are much more prone to pore plugging than erythrocytes because of their higher cellular viscosity and the presence of nucleus. The rheological properties of WBCs have significant implications in their functions and flow dynamics in the microcirculation.
通过微量吸管抽吸法测定白细胞（WBC）在小变形过程中的粘弹性特性。悬浮在无Ca2+培养基中的中性粒细胞对阶跃抽吸压力的被动变形行为包括初始快速的弹性响应，随后是蠕变位移。这些随时间变化的响应可以用一个粘弹性固体模型来描述，其中弹性元件（K1）与一个麦克斯韦元件并联，麦克斯韦元件由另一个弹性元件（K2）与粘性元件（μ）串联组成。温度变化（9 - 40摄氏度）会导致μ发生反向变化，但对K1和K2没有影响。所有这三个系数在pH值降至5.4时不受影响；然而，当pH值大于或等于7.8时，K1和μ会增加。渗透压的增加会导致所有三个系数升高，尤其是μ。秋水仙碱处理会导致μ和K2选择性降低，而不影响K1。B淋巴细胞的粘弹性系数与中性粒细胞相似，但T淋巴细胞的这些系数值更高。在存在2 mM Ca2+的情况下，中性粒细胞的粘弹性系数比在无Ca2+培养基中更高，并且它们会形成原足，原足比细胞主体对微量吸管抽吸变形的抵抗力更大。形态计量分析表明，由于存在膜褶皱，白细胞有大量多余的膜面积，这有助于白细胞在恒定面积下变形。在通过5微米筛网过滤时，白细胞比红细胞更容易发生孔堵塞，因为它们的细胞粘度更高且存在细胞核。白细胞的流变学特性对其在微循环中的功能和流动动力学具有重要意义。
