Samson R A, Gams W
Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 1984;50(5-6):815-24. doi: 10.1007/BF02386244.
Classification of species in the three genera Penicillium, Aspergillus and Fusarium is in a state of change. Criteria used are reviewed; possible stabilization of nomenclature is envisaged. Proper typification of recognized species is necessary. In Penicillium and Aspergillus some species known mainly from fermented food are considered as domesticated versions of other, wild species. In Penicillium a further standardization of conditions of cultivation and careful description of micromorphology are necessary, before the species concepts of different laboratories can be reconciled. Secondary metabolites (mycotoxins, pigments) prove to support taxonomic conclusions reached by morphological work. In Aspergillus the taxonomic situation is simpler than in Penicillium, but typification is not yet sufficiently settled. For some well-known species older names were recently unearthed. In Fusarium the taxonomic views of different laboratories are becoming more similar, but much work on type specimens and neotypification of other species is still required. More genetic evidence is necessary to decide about specific or varietal rank in critical cases.
青霉属、曲霉属和镰刀菌属这三个属的物种分类处于不断变化的状态。对所使用的标准进行了综述；设想了命名法可能的稳定情况。对已确认物种进行恰当的模式指定是必要的。在青霉属和曲霉属中，一些主要从发酵食品中得知的物种被认为是其他野生物种的驯化版本。在青霉属中，在不同实验室的物种概念能够统一之前，有必要进一步规范培养条件并仔细描述微观形态。次生代谢产物（霉菌毒素、色素）被证明有助于支持形态学研究得出的分类学结论。在曲霉属中，分类学情况比青霉属简单，但模式指定仍未充分确定。对于一些知名物种，最近发现了更古老的名称。在镰刀菌属中，不同实验室的分类学观点正变得越来越相似，但仍需要对模式标本和其他物种的新模式指定开展大量工作。在关键情况下，需要更多的遗传学证据来确定物种或变种的等级。
