Papapetropoulou M, Papavassiliou J, Legakis N J
J Antimicrob Chemother. 1983 Dec;12(6):571-5. doi: 10.1093/jac/12.6.571.
The antibacterial activity of gentamicin against five strains each of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was followed by kinetic killing studies. Human urine having a variable osmolality and adjusted to pH 5.0 or 6.0 was used. Gentamicin was added at a final concentration of 10 or 50 mg/l. It was shown that human urine inhibited the action of gentamicin and that effect was enhanced in acid urine and depressed when the osmolality of the urine was lower. The pH and osmolality of urine variably affected the activity of gentamicin depending on the bacterial species. Lower osmolality rendered Ps. aeruginosa strains more easily susceptible to gentamicin as compared to E. coli. The data of the present study may be useful in clinical practice in the treatment of urinary infections; in cases of urine with low osmolality relatively low doses of gentamicin might be sufficient. In contrast, problems may be encountered in urinary infections in patients with renal insufficiency where reduced dosage of the drug is suggested. In those cases dilution and alkalinization of urine would be beneficial.
通过动力学杀菌研究跟踪了庆大霉素对五株大肠杆菌和五株铜绿假单胞菌的抗菌活性。使用了渗透压可变且调节至pH 5.0或6.0的人尿。以10或50 mg/l的终浓度添加庆大霉素。结果表明，人尿会抑制庆大霉素的作用，且这种作用在酸性尿液中增强，而当尿液渗透压较低时则减弱。尿液的pH值和渗透压对庆大霉素活性的影响因细菌种类而异。与大肠杆菌相比，较低的渗透压使铜绿假单胞菌菌株更容易受到庆大霉素的影响。本研究的数据可能有助于临床治疗泌尿系统感染；在尿液渗透压较低的情况下，相对较低剂量的庆大霉素可能就足够了。相比之下，对于建议减少药物剂量的肾功能不全患者，泌尿系统感染可能会遇到问题。在这些情况下，尿液稀释和碱化将是有益的。
