Minuth J N, Musher D M, Thorsteinsson S B
J Infect Dis. 1976 Jan;133(1):14-21. doi: 10.1093/infdis/133.1.14.
Urinary levels of antibiotics determine the outcome of treatment of most urinary tract infections. The antibacterial effect of gentamicin against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in urine was studied. With use of urinary constituents in concentrations normally found in human urine, it was shown that urine has an inhibitory effect that is dependent upon the acidity and total osmolality of the urine, as well as upon the presence of individual solutes. Up to 40 times as much gentamicin may be needed to prevent the growth of E. coli or P. aeruginosa in concentrated, acidic human urine as is required in broth. This inhibitory effect may be particularly important when urinary concentrations of gentamicin are reduced either because of a reduction in dosage or because of decreased excretion due to renal insufficiency.
尿液中抗生素的水平决定了大多数尿路感染的治疗结果。研究了庆大霉素对尿液中大肠杆菌和铜绿假单胞菌的抗菌作用。使用人体尿液中通常存在的浓度的尿液成分，结果表明尿液具有抑制作用，这种抑制作用取决于尿液的酸度、总渗透压以及个别溶质的存在。在浓缩的酸性人体尿液中，防止大肠杆菌或铜绿假单胞菌生长所需的庆大霉素量可能是肉汤中所需量的40倍。当庆大霉素的尿液浓度因剂量减少或因肾功能不全导致排泄减少而降低时，这种抑制作用可能尤为重要。
