Kawakami Y, Yamamoto H, Yoshikawa T, Shida A
Am Rev Respir Dis. 1984 May;129(5):703-7. doi: 10.1164/arrd.1984.129.5.703.
Whether genetic influence on chemical and behavioral control of breathing is still present in adulthood was examined in 28 pairs of monozygotic (mean age, 40 +/- SD 9.9 yr) and 10 dizygotic (35 +/- 9.3 yr) twins. Mean values for hypoxic and hypercapnic ventilatory responses, threshold for perceiving added inspiratory resistance, and respiratory patterns were not different between monozygotic and dizygotic twins. However, within-pair variance ratios (those in monozygotic twins being denominators) for hypoxic response (4.08, p less than 0.005), hypercapnic response (4.89, p less than 0.005), respiratory frequency during air breathing (3.96, p less than 0.005), inspiratory time during air breathing (5.47, p less than 0.005), and inspiratory time during hypoxia (9.08, p less than 0.005) were significantly larger than 1. Within-pair variances for threshold for resistive load perception and respiratory pattern during hypercapnia were equivalent between the 2 groups. These results indicate that ventilatory responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia and respiratory patterns while breathing air include genetically determined factors, whereas perception threshold for added resistance and respiratory patterns during hypercapnia are influenced predominantly by environmental force in adulthood.
在28对同卵双胞胎（平均年龄40±标准差9.9岁）和10对异卵双胞胎（35±9.3岁）中，研究了成年期基因对呼吸的化学和行为控制的影响是否仍然存在。同卵双胞胎和异卵双胞胎在低氧和高碳酸通气反应、感知附加吸气阻力的阈值以及呼吸模式方面的平均值没有差异。然而，低氧反应（4.08，p<0.005）、高碳酸反应（4.89，p<0.005）、静息呼吸时的呼吸频率（3.96，p<0.005）、静息呼吸时的吸气时间（5.47，p<0.005）以及低氧时的吸气时间（9.08，p<0.005）的组内方差比（以同卵双胞胎的方差为分母）显著大于1。两组之间在高碳酸血症时对阻力负荷的感知阈值和呼吸模式的组内方差相当。这些结果表明，对低氧和高碳酸血症的通气反应以及静息呼吸时的呼吸模式包括基因决定的因素，而成年期附加阻力的感知阈值和高碳酸血症时的呼吸模式主要受环境因素影响。
