Kawakami Y, Shida A, Yoshikawa T, Yamamoto H
Respiration. 1984;45(2):100-10. doi: 10.1159/000194606.
To differentiate genetic factors from environmental forces in determining threshold for resistance load detection (RLD), 62 healthy adolescent twins (mean age = 16 years) and 74 healthy adult twins (mean age = 34 years) were studied by the standard psychophysical technique. The zygosity was determined by blood groups, finger prints, and physical appearances. Mean values for age, height, weight, pulmonary functions (FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, Raw, and FRC) were not different between monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) pairs either in adolescent or adult twins. Threshold for RLD was analyzed in terms of added resistance divided by airway resistance plus apparatus resistance (Weber fraction) and mouth pressure (P) at the threshold. Both Weber fraction and P were equivalent between MZ and DZ either in adolescent or adult twins. In adolescence, within-pair variance for P was significantly greater in DZ than in MZ, but within-pair variances for Weber fraction were similar between MZ and DZ, the former indicating that threshold for RLD is predominantly influenced by genetic factors. In adults, within-pair variances for Weber fraction and P were not different between MZ and DZ, indicating that environmental factors predominate over genetic factors. When adolescent and adult twins were lumped together, mean values for Weber fraction and P were not different between male and female. Relationship between P and age was significant both in male and female. P (male) = 0.281 + 0.013 X age (years) +/- SD 0.36 cm H2O, and P (female) = 0.235 + 0.013 X age (years) +/- 0.48 cm H2O. These results indicate that the threshold for RLD is influenced predominantly by genetic factors in adolescence, but environmental factors predominate in the adult. Although sex difference is not clear, P at the threshold increases with age in both sexes.
为了区分遗传因素和环境因素在确定阻力负荷检测阈值（RLD）中的作用，采用标准心理物理学技术对62名健康青少年双胞胎（平均年龄 = 16岁）和74名健康成年双胞胎（平均年龄 = 34岁）进行了研究。通过血型、指纹和外貌确定同卵双生（MZ）和异卵双生（DZ）。青少年和成年双胞胎中，MZ和DZ对的年龄、身高、体重、肺功能（FVC、FEV1、FEV1/FVC、气道阻力和功能残气量）的平均值没有差异。根据阈值时的附加阻力除以气道阻力加仪器阻力（韦伯分数）和口腔压力（P）来分析RLD阈值。青少年和成年双胞胎中，MZ和DZ的韦伯分数和P均相当。在青少年中，DZ对的P对内方差显著大于MZ对，但MZ和DZ的韦伯分数对内方差相似，前者表明RLD阈值主要受遗传因素影响。在成年人中，MZ和DZ的韦伯分数和P的对内方差没有差异，表明环境因素比遗传因素更占主导。当青少年和成年双胞胎合并在一起时，男性和女性的韦伯分数和P的平均值没有差异。男性和女性的P与年龄之间均存在显著关系。P（男性）= 0.281 + 0.013×年龄（岁）±标准差0.36 cmH₂O，P（女性）= 0.235 + 0.013×年龄（岁）±0.48 cmH₂O。这些结果表明，RLD阈值在青少年中主要受遗传因素影响，但在成年人中环境因素占主导。虽然性别差异不明显，但阈值时的P在两性中均随年龄增加。
