D'Amelio F, Kraft L M, D'Antoni-D'Amelio E, Benton E V, Miquel J
Scan Electron Microsc. 1984(Pt 2):801-12.
Effects of high energy, heavy particle (HZE) radiation were studied in the brain of the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) exposed to argon (40Ar) or krypton (84Kr) ions. In the flies exposed to argon the fluence ranged from 6 X 10(4) to 8 X 10(7) particles/cm2. The insects were killed 35 days after exposure. Extensive tissue fragmentation was observed at the higher fluence employed. At fluences ranging from 5 X 10(6) (one hit/two cell bodies) to 9 X 10(4) (one hit/90 cell bodies) particles/cm2, swelling of the neuronal cytoplasm and focally fragmented membranes was observed. Marked increase of glial lamellae around nerve cell processes was seen at fluences ranging from one hit/six to one hit/135 cell bodies. In the flies irradiated with krypton, the fluences employed were 5.8 X 10(3) and 2.2 X 10(6) particles/cm2. Acute and late effects were evaluated. In the flies killed 36 hours after exposure (acute effects) to either fluence, glycogen particles were found in the neuroglial compartment. The granules were no longer present in flies killed 35 days later (late effects). As in the flies exposed to argon, neuronal swelling and membrane disruption were observed 35 days after exposure to both fluences. From these studies it appears that the Drosophila brain is a useful model to investigate radiation damage to mature neurons, neuroglia, and therefore, to the glio-neuronal metabolic unit. In a separate study, the synaptic profiles of the neuropil in layers II-III of the frontal cerebral cortex of anesthesized adult LAFl mice were quantitatively appraised after exposure to argon (40Ar) particles. The absorbed dose ranged from 0.05 to 5 gray (Gy) plateau. It was determined that the sodium pentobarbital anesthesia per se results in a significant decrease in synaptic profile length one day after anesthetization, with return to normal values after 2-28 days. Irradiation with 0.05-5 Gy argon particles significantly inhibited the synaptic shortening effect of anesthesia at one day after exposure.
研究了高能重粒子（HZE）辐射对暴露于氩（40Ar）或氪（84Kr）离子的果蝇（黑腹果蝇）大脑的影响。在暴露于氩的果蝇中，注量范围为6×10⁴至8×10⁷粒子/cm²。昆虫在暴露后35天被处死。在使用的较高注量下观察到广泛的组织碎片化。在注量范围从5×10⁶（一次击中/两个细胞体）到9×10⁴（一次击中/90个细胞体）粒子/cm²时，观察到神经元细胞质肿胀和局部膜破碎。在注量范围从一次击中/六个到一次击中/135个细胞体时，可见神经细胞突起周围的神经胶质板明显增加。在用氪辐照的果蝇中，使用的注量为5.8×10³和2.2×10⁶粒子/cm²。评估了急性和晚期效应。在暴露于任一注量后36小时处死的果蝇（急性效应）中，在神经胶质区发现糖原颗粒。在35天后处死的果蝇（晚期效应）中，这些颗粒不再存在。与暴露于氩的果蝇一样，在暴露于两种注量后35天观察到神经元肿胀和膜破坏。从这些研究看来，果蝇大脑是研究对成熟神经元、神经胶质以及因此对神经胶质-神经元代谢单元的辐射损伤有用的模型。在另一项研究中，对麻醉的成年LAFl小鼠额叶皮质II-III层神经毡的突触轮廓在暴露于氩（40Ar）粒子后进行了定量评估。吸收剂量范围为0.05至5格雷（Gy）平台期。确定戊巴比妥钠麻醉本身在麻醉一天后导致突触轮廓长度显著减少，在2-28天后恢复到正常值。在暴露后一天，用0.05-5 Gy氩粒子辐照显著抑制了麻醉的突触缩短效应。
