Clark L C, Ackerman J L, Thomas S R, Millard R W, Hoffman R E, Pratt R G, Ragle-Cole H, Kinsey R A, Janakiraman R
Adv Exp Med Biol. 1984;180:835-45. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4684-4895-5_81.
Emulsions of fluorocarbons are finding considerable use in physiology for intravascular oxygen transport. Their wide clinical application as blood substitutes, anti-shock, and anti-ischemic agents seems imminent. Whole body NMR imaging is rapidly gaining clinical application and may one day almost completely supplant X-ray imaging. All of the 19F compounds used in biocompatible fluorocarbon emulsions give 19F signals identical to those in the corresponding neat liquid. In concentrations of 10% w/v they are readily imaged. The paramagnetic oxygen molecule reduces T1 in such a way as to make possible whole body imaging of oxygen. T1 typically decreases from 1-4 to 0.3-0.5 seconds and is an inverse linear function of oxygen tension. Spin-lattice relaxation times versus oxygen tensions from 0 to 600 torr have been obtained for F-decalin, F-tributylamine, and F-44E. The usefulness of these 19F effects in clinical NMR imaging depends upon the sensitivity of the method and the tolerable dose. The 19F signal may find use in monitoring 19F compounds as vapors or gases dissolved in plasma or in perfluorocarbons in neat liquid or particle form.
碳氟化合物乳液在生理学中用于血管内输氧方面正得到广泛应用。它们作为血液替代品、抗休克和抗缺血药物的广泛临床应用似乎即将实现。全身核磁共振成像正在迅速获得临床应用，也许有一天几乎能完全取代X射线成像。用于生物相容性碳氟化合物乳液的所有含氟化合物产生的氟-19信号与相应纯液体中的信号相同。在10%重量/体积的浓度下，它们很容易成像。顺磁性氧分子以一种使全身氧成像成为可能的方式降低T1。T1通常从1至4秒降至0.3至0.5秒，并且是氧分压的反线性函数。已获得十氢化萘、三丁胺氟化物和F-44E在0至600托氧分压下的自旋晶格弛豫时间。这些氟-19效应在临床核磁共振成像中的实用性取决于方法的灵敏度和可耐受剂量。氟-19信号可用于监测以蒸汽或气体形式溶解在血浆中或呈纯液体或颗粒形式的全氟碳中的含氟化合物。
