Muirhead E E, Byers L W, Folkow B, Göthberg G, Thorén P, Brooks B
Hypertension. 1983 Nov-Dec;5(6 Pt 3):V61-5. doi: 10.1161/01.hyp.5.6_pt_3.v61.
Two antihypertensive lipids can be derived from the renal papilla, the antihypertensive polar (APRL) and the antihypertensive neutral (ANRL) renomedullary lipid. The renal venous effluent of the unclipped kidney contains both ANRL and APRL. This effluent lowers the arterial pressure (AP) of the normal rat when infused i.v. As it lowers the AP the heart rate (HR) and sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) are depressed. ANRL infused i.v. also lowers HR and SNA as it depresses the AP. Conversely, APRL elevates HR and SNA as it lowers the AP. Thus, of the two lipids in the renal venous effluent after unclipping, ANRL appears to be dominant. APRL, however, in the renal venous effluent could potentiate the action of ANRL. The net effect of these observations is to support the view that ANRL is an antihypertensive hormone liberated by the kidney after unclipping. The renomedullary interstitial cells (RIC) degranulate after unclipping. ANRL can be derived from these cells. Thus, the RIC, cells known to exert an endocrine-type antihypertensive function, may well be the source of ANRL in the renal venous effluent after unclipping. The hormonal action of ANRL appears as a major cause of the lowering of the AP after unclipping. It is not known what factors modulate the RIC endocrine system. There is a suggestion that angiotensin may be one of these factors based on the ineffectiveness of these cells toward retarding hypertension when the circulating plasma angiotensin level is high, and their effectiveness when the circulating plasma angiotensin level is low.
两种降压脂质可从肾乳头中提取，即降压极性肾髓质脂质（APRL）和降压中性肾髓质脂质（ANRL）。未夹闭肾的肾静脉流出液中同时含有ANRL和APRL。静脉输注这种流出液可降低正常大鼠的动脉血压（AP）。随着它降低动脉血压，心率（HR）和交感神经活动（SNA）会受到抑制。静脉输注ANRL在降低动脉血压时也会降低心率和交感神经活动。相反，APRL在降低动脉血压时会升高心率和交感神经活动。因此，在夹闭后肾静脉流出液中的两种脂质中，ANRL似乎占主导地位。然而，肾静脉流出液中的APRL可能会增强ANRL的作用。这些观察结果的总体效应支持了这样一种观点，即ANRL是夹闭后肾脏释放的一种降压激素。夹闭后肾髓质间质细胞（RIC）会脱颗粒。ANRL可从这些细胞中提取。因此，已知具有内分泌型降压功能的RIC细胞很可能是夹闭后肾静脉流出液中ANRL的来源。ANRL的激素作用似乎是夹闭后动脉血压降低的主要原因。目前尚不清楚哪些因素调节RIC内分泌系统。基于当循环血浆血管紧张素水平较高时这些细胞对延缓高血压无效，而当循环血浆血管紧张素水平较低时它们有效，有人提出血管紧张素可能是这些因素之一。
