Evidence for compensation in smokers of low yield cigarettes.

To determine the relation of smoking low yield cigarettes (tar yield less than 15.0 mg and nicotine yield less than 1.0 mg per cigarette) to the number of cigarettes smoked per day, we analysed information provided on self-administered questionnaires by 7706 current, regular cigarette smokers. The mean age at starting to smoke and the mean number of years of smoking were not consistently different in smokers of low yield compared with smokers of high yield cigarettes. In contrast, at all ages in both men and women, smokers of low yield cigarettes smoked significantly more cigarettes per day than smokers of high yield cigarettes. The differences in the number of cigarettes smoked per day between smokers of low and high yield cigarettes were small--about 3 cigarettes per day in men and about 1 1/2 cigarettes per day in women. However, these small differences might translate to the smoking of as many as one billion more packs of cigarettes per year in the United States alone. The potential beneficial effect of the smoking of cigarettes whose yield per cigarette is lower must be weighed against a possible adverse effect of the smoking of more cigarettes if the relation between smoking low yield cigarettes and smoking more cigarettes is causal.