Nose H, Morimoto T, Ogura K
Jpn J Physiol. 1983;33(6):1019-29. doi: 10.2170/jjphysiol.33.1019.
Dehydration amounting to about 10% of body weight was induced in adult male rats by exposure to a hot, dry environment (D.B.T., 36 degrees C; R.H., 20%) over 6 to 8 hr. The volumes of total water (TW), extracellular fluid (ECF), and plasma (PV) were determined both on individual tissues and on the whole body using the constant dry weight as well as 51Cr-EDTA and 125I-RIHSA dilution methods. Total body water (TBW), intracellular (ICF), and interstitial (ISF) fluid volumes were calculated from these data. The 10% loss of body weight caused a decrease in TBW by 17% from the control value; 41% of this loss was from ICF, 47% from ISF, and 12% from PV. The decrease of ISF was proportional to that of PV and the water loss from ICF was caused by an increase in plasma osmolality. As to the water loss from organs, 40% of the whole body water loss came from muscle, 30% from skin, 14% from bone, and 14% from viscera. The G.I. tract had the highest tendency to lose water while the brain and liver showed the least. These findings suggest that under heat-induced dehydration, both the extra- and intracellular fluid compartments of muscle and skin play an important role in the compensation of water loss and in the maintenance of circulation to the brain and liver.
将成年雄性大鼠置于炎热干燥环境（干球温度36摄氏度，相对湿度20%）6至8小时，诱导其脱水至体重约10%。使用恒重法以及51铬-乙二胺四乙酸（51Cr-EDTA）和125碘-人血清白蛋白（125I-RIHSA）稀释法，分别测定各个组织和整个机体的总水量（TW）、细胞外液量（ECF）和血浆量（PV）。根据这些数据计算机体总水量（TBW）、细胞内液量（ICF）和组织间液量（ISF）。体重减轻10%导致TBW较对照值下降17%；其中41%的损失来自ICF，47%来自ISF，12%来自PV。ISF的减少与PV的减少成比例，ICF的水分流失是由血浆渗透压升高引起的。至于各器官的水分流失，全身水分流失的40%来自肌肉，30%来自皮肤，14%来自骨骼，14%来自内脏。胃肠道失水倾向最高，而脑和肝脏失水最少。这些研究结果表明，在热诱导脱水情况下，肌肉和皮肤的细胞外液和细胞内液在补偿水分流失以及维持脑和肝脏的血液循环方面均发挥重要作用。
