Mayfield S R, Bhatia J, Nakamura K T, Rios G R, Bell E F
J Pediatr. 1984 Feb;104(2):271-5. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(84)81011-2.
Body temperatures of 99 term and 44 preterm infants were measured at four sites: core (5 cm beyond the anus, with an electronic telethermometer), rectum (2 cm, with a mercury-in-glass thermometer), axilla, and between the skin and mattress. Temperatures measured at the four sites agreed closely in this group of largely normothermic infants. However, five of seven term infants with abnormal core temperature (greater than 1.5 SD below or above the mean) would have been judged to be normothermic by each of the three other measurements. The temperatures in preterm infants were lower and varied less with the site of measurement, indicating a smaller core-surface temperature gradient because of their relative lack of thermal insulation by body fat. Axillary temperature was as reliable as rectal temperature measured in the usual way with a mercury-in-glass thermometer. Measurement of the temperature between the skin and mattress was nearly as accurate as the other more frequently used methods. Ninety percent of temperatures were within 0.1 degree C of their final stabilization readings by 5 minutes for each type of thermometer and measurement site.
对99名足月儿和44名早产儿的体温在四个部位进行了测量：核心体温（距肛门5厘米处，使用电子遥测温度计）、直肠温度（2厘米处，使用玻璃水银温度计）、腋窝温度以及皮肤与床垫之间的温度。在这组基本体温正常的婴儿中，四个部位测量的温度结果非常接近。然而，七名核心体温异常（低于或高于平均值1.5个标准差）的足月儿中，有五名通过其他三种测量方法会被判定为体温正常。早产儿的体温较低，且随测量部位的变化较小，这表明由于他们相对缺乏体脂的隔热作用，核心体温与体表温度的梯度较小。腋窝温度与用玻璃水银温度计以常规方式测量的直肠温度一样可靠。测量皮肤与床垫之间的温度几乎与其他更常用的方法一样准确。对于每种温度计和测量部位，90%的温度在5分钟内就与其最终稳定读数相差不超过0.1摄氏度。
