Skrabal F, Gasser R W, Finkenstedt G, Rhomberg H P, Lochs A
Klin Wochenschr. 1984 Feb 1;62(3):124-8. doi: 10.1007/BF01738702.
In 21 patients with essential hypertension the effects of moderate sodium restriction from the usual 200 mmol Na/day to 80 mmol/day over 4 weeks were compared with the effects of a combined low-sodium/high-potassium intake (80 mmol Na/120 mmol K) which was also given over 4 weeks in an open crossover trial. Systolic blood pressure in nine untreated patients with essential hypertension decreased significantly by between 5 and 7 mm Hg during moderate sodium restriction; no further decrease of blood pressure occurred during the combined low-sodium/high-potassium diet. In 12 treated patients with essential hypertension moderate sodium restriction or the combined low-sodium/high-potassium diet enabled a marked reduction of anti-hypertensive therapy in eight patients without impairment of blood pressure control (beta-blockers by an average of 32%, saluretics by an average of 27% and vasodilators by an average of 24%). Here there were also no substantial differences between low-sodium intake and the combined low-sodium/high-potassium intake. It is concluded that sodium restriction to 80 mmol/day is effective in lowering systolic blood pressure but that a combined low-sodium/high-potassium diet does not further improve blood pressure control if the usual potassium intake is at least 80 mmol/day. Considerable reduction of anti-hypertensive therapy may be achieved by practical moderate sodium restriction.
在一项开放性交叉试验中，对21例原发性高血压患者进行了为期4周的研究，比较了将钠摄入量从通常的每日200 mmol钠适度限制至80 mmol钠的效果，以及低钠/高钾联合摄入（80 mmol钠/120 mmol钾）的效果，后者同样持续4周。9例未经治疗的原发性高血压患者在适度限制钠摄入期间，收缩压显著下降了5至7 mmHg；在低钠/高钾联合饮食期间，血压未进一步下降。在12例接受治疗的原发性高血压患者中，适度限制钠摄入或低钠/高钾联合饮食使8例患者能够显著减少抗高血压治疗，且血压控制未受影响（β受体阻滞剂平均减少32%，利尿剂平均减少27%，血管扩张剂平均减少24%）。在此，低钠摄入与低钠/高钾联合摄入之间也没有实质性差异。得出的结论是，将钠摄入量限制至每日80 mmol可有效降低收缩压，但如果通常的钾摄入量至少为每日80 mmol，低钠/高钾联合饮食并不能进一步改善血压控制。通过实际适度限制钠摄入可实现抗高血压治疗的显著减少。
