Freedman R R, Ianni P, Ettedgui E, Pohl R, Rainey J M
Psychopathology. 1984;17 Suppl 1:66-73. doi: 10.1159/000284079.
Panic disorder patients were compared with normal subjects during intravenous infusion of sodium lactate, isoproterenol, and placebo. Panic attacks meeting the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, vol. 3 [American Psychiatric Association, 1980] occurred during all three conditions in patients and during the lactate and isoproterenol infusions in normals. Patients had significantly higher average levels of skin conductance, heart rate and state anxiety, and significantly lower finger temperatures compared to normal subjects. However, no measure reliably differentiated panic attacks from nonattack periods. It is concluded that the peripheral physiologic responses investigated are neither necessary nor sufficient for the occurrence of panic attacks. It is possible that reports of these attacks represent phobic responses to intense anxiety.
在静脉输注乳酸钠、异丙肾上腺素和安慰剂期间，对惊恐障碍患者与正常受试者进行了比较。符合《诊断与统计手册》第3版（美国精神病学协会，1980年）标准的惊恐发作在患者的所有三种情况下均有发生，而在正常受试者中则在输注乳酸盐和异丙肾上腺素期间出现。与正常受试者相比，患者的平均皮肤电导率、心率和状态焦虑水平显著更高，手指温度显著更低。然而，没有任何一项测量能够可靠地区分惊恐发作期和非发作期。结论是，所研究的外周生理反应对于惊恐发作的发生既非必要条件也非充分条件。这些发作的报告有可能代表了对强烈焦虑的恐惧反应。
