Cools A R, van den Bercken J H, Horstink M W, van Spaendonck K P, Berger H J
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1984 May;47(5):443-53. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.47.5.443.
Eighteen patients suffering from Parkinson's disease and nineteen control subjects, who were matched for age and intelligence, were compared in tests measuring "shifting aptitude" at cognitive and motor levels (word production, sorting blocks or animals, and finger pushing sequences). It was found that Parkinson patients produced fewer different names of animals and professions in one minute than control subjects, needed more trials for detecting a shift in a sorting criterion, and produced fewer finger responses in a change of pushing sequence than control subjects. These results are interpreted as reflecting a central programming deficit that manifests itself in verbal, figural and motor modalities, that is, a diminished "shifting aptitude" characteristic of patients with dysfunctioning basal ganglia. The results are discussed in relation to changes of behaviour organisations in animals with dysfunctioning basal ganglia.
18名帕金森病患者和19名在年龄和智力上相匹配的对照受试者，在认知和运动水平上进行了测量“转换能力”的测试（词语生成、分类积木或动物以及手指按压序列）。结果发现，帕金森病患者在一分钟内说出的不同动物和职业名称比对照受试者少，在检测分类标准变化时需要更多的试验次数，并且在按压序列改变时产生的手指反应比对照受试者少。这些结果被解释为反映了一种中枢程序编制缺陷，这种缺陷在言语、图形和运动方式中表现出来，也就是说，基底神经节功能失调的患者具有减弱的“转换能力”。本文结合基底神经节功能失调动物的行为组织变化对这些结果进行了讨论。
