Kalliomäki P L, Lakomaa E, Kalliomäki K, Kiilunen M, Kivelä R, Vaaranen V
Br J Ind Med. 1983 May;40(2):229-34. doi: 10.1136/oem.40.2.229.
Forty two male Wistar rats were exposed to manual metal arc (MMA) stainless steel (SS) welding fumes generated by an automatic welding device for "nose-only" exposure. The exposure simulated an actual MMA/SS welding environment as closely as possible. For the retention study, the duration of exposure was one hour per workday for one, two, three, of four weeks and for the clearance study four weeks. The retention and clearance of the chromium, nickel, and iron found in MMA/SS welding fumes in the rats' lungs were studied as was the distribution of the metals to other organs. Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) was used for the multi-element chemical activation analyses. The concentrations of chromium and nickel in the blood and the urine were determined by atomic absorption method (AAS). The retention of exogenous iron was determined by a magnetic measuring method. The results indicated that the lungs were the target organs of soluble hexavalent chromates. The half times of lung clearance for Cr, Ni, and Fe were 40 +/- 4 d, 20 +/- d, and 50 +/- 10 d. When the lung clearance curves are compared, the half times of Cr and Fe lung clearance are similar but nickel disappears faster. The distribution and clearance patterns of chromium to other organs differ from those obtained after single intravenous or intratracheal injections of alkaline chromates.
42只雄性Wistar大鼠暴露于由自动焊接装置产生的手工金属电弧（MMA）不锈钢（SS）焊接烟雾中，进行“仅经鼻”暴露。该暴露尽可能模拟实际的MMA/SS焊接环境。在留存研究中，暴露持续时间为每个工作日1小时，持续1、2、3或4周；在清除研究中，暴露持续4周。研究了大鼠肺中MMA/SS焊接烟雾中铬、镍和铁的留存及清除情况，以及这些金属在其他器官中的分布。采用仪器中子活化分析（INAA）进行多元素化学活化分析。采用原子吸收法（AAS）测定血液和尿液中铬和镍的浓度。采用磁测量法测定外源性铁离子的留存情况。结果表明，肺是可溶性六价铬酸盐的靶器官。铬、镍和铁在肺中的清除半衰期分别为40±4天、20±2天和50±10天。比较肺清除曲线时，铬和铁在肺中的清除半衰期相似，但镍消失得更快。铬在其他器官中的分布和清除模式与单次静脉注射或气管内注射碱性铬酸盐后的情况不同。
