Kolonel L N, Nomura A M, Hinds M W, Hirohata T, Hankin J H, Lee J
Cancer Res. 1983 May;43(5 Suppl):2397s-2402s.
Incidence rates for many sites of cancer show wide variations among the main ethnic groups in Hawaii (Caucasians, Japanese, Chinese, Filipinos, and Hawaiians). Major shifts in cancer rates among migrants to the islands suggest that environmental factors are at least in part responsible for these variations. One prominent area of difference among these ethnic populations is their diets, which can vary substantially, not only in the consumption of particular food items but also in mean nutrient intakes. In aggregate correlational analyses based on data from representative samples of these ethnic groups and corresponding population-based cancer incidence rates, we found significant associations between ethnic-sex-specific intakes of dietary fat (including total fat, as well as animal, saturated, and unsaturated fats) and breast, endometrial, and prostate cancers. Animal protein intake showed associations similar to those for dietary fat, but these two nutrients were highly correlated in the data. Cholesterol intake showed significant correlations with lung and laryngeal cancers. Analyses of both nutrient and food item data suggested an association of stomach cancer incidence with the consumption of fish products, particularly dried/salted fish, and with a lower intake of vitamin C. Preliminary findings from ongoing case-control studies showed the following relationships: an inverse association between lung cancer risk and the intake of food sources of vitamin A, especially foods containing carotenes; an inverse association between cancers of the lower urinary tract and vitamin A consumption, especially from supplements; a positive association between prostate cancer risk and dietary fat intake in men above age 69, but not in younger men; and a positive association between breast cancer risk and the intake of dietary fat (particularly saturated fat) and animal protein in postmenopausal women, especially the Japanese. Two large cohorts (50,000 and 5,000 subjects) on whom dietary information was collected between 1975 and 1980 are being followed prospectively for their occurrence of cancer.
夏威夷主要种族群体（白种人、日本人、中国人、菲律宾人和夏威夷人）中，许多癌症部位的发病率差异很大。向该岛屿移民的人群中癌症发病率的重大变化表明，环境因素至少在一定程度上导致了这些差异。这些种族群体之间一个显著的差异领域是他们的饮食，不仅在特定食物的消费上，而且在平均营养素摄入量上都可能有很大差异。基于这些种族群体的代表性样本数据和相应的基于人群的癌症发病率进行的总体相关分析中，我们发现特定种族性别的膳食脂肪摄入量（包括总脂肪以及动物脂肪、饱和脂肪和不饱和脂肪）与乳腺癌、子宫内膜癌和前列腺癌之间存在显著关联。动物蛋白摄入量显示出与膳食脂肪类似的关联，但这两种营养素在数据中高度相关。胆固醇摄入量与肺癌和喉癌显示出显著相关性。对营养素和食物项目数据的分析表明，胃癌发病率与鱼类产品的消费，特别是干鱼/咸鱼的消费以及维生素C摄入量较低有关。正在进行的病例对照研究的初步结果显示了以下关系：肺癌风险与维生素A食物来源的摄入量，特别是含有胡萝卜素的食物之间呈负相关；下尿路癌症与维生素A消费，特别是补充剂中的维生素A消费之间呈负相关；69岁以上男性前列腺癌风险与膳食脂肪摄入量呈正相关，而年轻男性则不然；绝经后女性，特别是日本女性，乳腺癌风险与膳食脂肪（特别是饱和脂肪）和动物蛋白摄入量呈正相关。正在对1975年至1980年间收集了饮食信息的两个大型队列（分别为50,000名和5,000名受试者）进行前瞻性跟踪，观察他们患癌症的情况。
