Bogin B, MacVean R B
Child Dev. 1983 Feb;54(1):115-28.
Longitudinal data from a study of child development in Guatemala City were used to describe the influence of socioeconomic status and sex on physical and cognitive growth status. The correlation between the growth status variables was also analyzed. The sample included 144 Guatemalan children, 46 of low SES, 52 of middle SES, and 46 of high SES. The children were students in 5 urban primary schools. 3 physical variables, height, weight, and skeletal age, were measured annually from first to sixth grade. Two cognitive variables, general intelligence and reading ability, were measured in grades 1, 3, 4, or 5. Significant differences between SES groups existed for all variables. However, the differences in each grade were greater for the cognitive measures than for the physical measures. Compared with high SES children, middle SES boys and low SES boys and girls experienced significantly greater delayed growth in height than in weight or skeletal age. It is possible that these height delays may result in a permanent reduction in stature. The only consistently significant sex-related difference was for skeletal age; girls were more mature than boys in each grade. When SES was statistically controlled, there was no significant correlation between physical and cognitive growth status for girls and only a few moderate but statistically significant correlations for boys.
来自危地马拉城一项儿童发育研究的纵向数据被用于描述社会经济地位和性别对身体及认知发育状况的影响。同时还分析了发育状况变量之间的相关性。样本包括144名危地马拉儿童，其中46名属于低社会经济地位，52名属于中等社会经济地位，46名属于高社会经济地位。这些儿童是5所城市小学的学生。从一年级到六年级，每年测量身高、体重和骨龄这3项身体变量。在一、三、四或五年级测量一般智力和阅读能力这两项认知变量。所有变量在社会经济地位组之间均存在显著差异。然而，各年级中认知指标的差异比身体指标的差异更大。与高社会经济地位的儿童相比，中等社会经济地位的男孩以及低社会经济地位的男孩和女孩在身高上的发育延迟明显大于体重或骨龄方面。这些身高延迟有可能导致身高永久性降低。唯一始终显著的与性别相关的差异在于骨龄；各年级中女孩比男孩更成熟。当对社会经济地位进行统计学控制时，女孩的身体和认知发育状况之间没有显著相关性，而男孩只有一些中等程度但具有统计学显著性的相关性。
