Wright J
Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1978 Jul;7(2):351-67. doi: 10.1016/s0300-595x(78)80023-1.
A variety of effects of alcohol on endocrine function are now well documented. Clinically, the most important of these are alcohol-induced 'pseudo-Cushing's syndrome' and a syndrome of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical unresponsiveness, both of which result from long-term over-indulgence, and impairment of testosterone secretion which may occur following relatively short-term drinking. Evidence indicates that a number of different mechanisms are responsible for mediating the effects of alcohol on endocrine function. In a few instances (e.g. inhibition of vasopressin secretion and impairment of steroidogenesis resulting in a fall in testosterone production rate), alcohol appears to influence directly the release or synthesis of individual hormones. However, the majority of the endocrine effects of alcohol are probably indirect, resulting from either the stress of intoxication (stimulation of cortisol, catecholamines and possibly GH and prolactin), changes in the level of intermediary metabolites (e.g. a fall in circulating FFA stimulating GH secretion) or changes in the metabolism of hormones (e.g. catecholamines, oestrogens, androgens) resulting from alteration in intracellular redox state or tissue damage.
酒精对内分泌功能的多种影响现已得到充分证实。在临床上，其中最重要的是酒精诱导的“假性库欣综合征”以及下丘脑 - 垂体 - 肾上腺皮质无反应综合征，这两种情况均源于长期过度饮酒，还有睾酮分泌受损，这可能在相对短期饮酒后发生。有证据表明，多种不同机制介导了酒精对内分泌功能的影响。在少数情况下（例如抑制抗利尿激素分泌以及损害类固醇生成导致睾酮生成率下降），酒精似乎直接影响个别激素的释放或合成。然而，酒精对内分泌的大多数影响可能是间接的，这是由中毒应激（刺激皮质醇、儿茶酚胺以及可能还有生长激素和催乳素）、中间代谢产物水平的变化（例如循环中游离脂肪酸下降刺激生长激素分泌）或者细胞内氧化还原状态改变或组织损伤导致的激素代谢变化（例如儿茶酚胺、雌激素、雄激素）所引起的。
