Champsaur H, Dussaix E, Tournier P
J Med Virol. 1980;5(4):273-86. doi: 10.1002/1096-9071(1980)5:4<273::aid-jmv1890050403>3.0.co;2-j.
Hemagglutination inhibition (HI), single radial hemolysis (SRH) and enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA), performed with commercial antigen and reagents are described and were compared in the three distinct situations that require rubella antibody detection. Determination of immunity status was carried out on 156 sera. A degree of correlation greater than 0.9 was found when comparing the three methods. Analysis of a further 74 sera, from 31 primary infections and three congenital syndromes, was performed to compare the occurrence of the various classes of antibodies in the three tests: HI test and IgM-ELISA become positive the day after the rash, whereas SRH test is not positive before the sixth day. From our limited study bearing on a total of 230 sera, each test has a precise assignment. For the determination of immunity status, SRH is simpler, faster, and inexpensive; absence or evidence of past infection can be unequivocally obtained especially in cases of low (1:10, 1:20) residual immunity. In the serodiagnosis of a rubella rash, SRH alone, due to the delayed rise in antibody titers, will demonstrate a complete seroconversion with a first serum collected up to the fifth day of the eruption. In case of absence of an early serum, of primary infection in a pregnant woman, of a newborn with suspicion of congenital syndrome, the measurement of rubella specific IgM is best obtained with ELISA, a procedure less time-consuming than HI following centrifugal, chromatographic, or electrophoretic separation, and "light" (8 S) RF with SRH test is discussed. Interference of IgM Rheumatoid Factor (RF) with IgM ELISA and IgG RF with SRH test is discussed.
本文描述了使用商业抗原和试剂进行的血凝抑制试验（HI）、单向辐射溶血试验（SRH）和酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA），并在三种需要检测风疹抗体的不同情况下对它们进行了比较。对156份血清进行了免疫状态测定。比较这三种方法时发现相关性程度大于0.9。对另外74份血清进行了分析，这些血清来自31例原发性感染和3例先天性综合征，以比较三种检测中各类抗体的出现情况：HI试验和IgM-ELISA在出疹后第二天呈阳性，而SRH试验在第六天之前呈阴性。根据我们对总共230份血清的有限研究，每种检测都有明确的用途。对于免疫状态的测定，SRH更简单、更快且成本低廉；尤其是在低（1:10、1:20）残留免疫的情况下，可以明确获得既往感染的缺失或证据。在风疹出疹的血清诊断中，由于抗体滴度上升延迟，仅SRH就能在出疹后第五天采集的第一份血清中显示出完全的血清转化。在没有早期血清、孕妇原发性感染、怀疑先天性综合征的新生儿的情况下，用ELISA检测风疹特异性IgM是最好的方法，该方法比离心、色谱或电泳分离后的HI耗时少，并且讨论了SRH试验中“轻”（8S）类风湿因子（RF）的情况。还讨论了IgM类风湿因子（RF）对IgM ELISA的干扰以及IgG RF对SRH试验的干扰。
