Miller R A, Pople H E, Myers J D
N Engl J Med. 1982 Aug 19;307(8):468-76. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198208193070803.
Internist-I is an experimental computer program capable of making multiple and complete diagnoses in internal medicine. It differs from most other programs for computer-assisted diagnosis in the generality of its approach and the size and diversity of its knowledge base. To document the strengths and weaknesses of the program we performed a systematic evaluation of the capabilities of INTERNIST-I. Its performance on a series of 19 clinicopathological exercises (Case Records of the Massachusetts General Hospital) published in the Journal appeared qualitatively similar to that of the hospital clinicians but inferior to that of the case discussants. The evaluation demonstrated that the present form of the program is not sufficiently reliable for clinical applications. Specific deficiencies that must be overcome include the program's inability to reason anatomically or temporally, its inability to construct differential diagnoses spanning multiple areas, its occasional attribution of findings to improper causes, and its inability to explain its "thinking".
内科医生一号（Internist-I）是一个实验性的计算机程序，能够在内科领域做出多种完整的诊断。它在方法的通用性以及知识库的规模和多样性方面，与大多数其他计算机辅助诊断程序有所不同。为了记录该程序的优缺点，我们对内科医生一号的能力进行了系统评估。它在发表于《新英格兰医学杂志》上的一系列19个临床病理病例（麻省总医院病例记录）中的表现，在质量上与医院临床医生的表现相似，但不如病例讨论者。评估表明，该程序目前的形式在临床应用中不够可靠。必须克服的具体缺陷包括该程序无法进行解剖学或时间上的推理，无法构建跨越多个领域的鉴别诊断，偶尔将检查结果归因于不恰当的原因，以及无法解释其“思维”过程。 （注：原文中“Journal”结合上下文推测为《新英格兰医学杂志》，因为提到了麻省总医院病例记录常发表于此杂志）
