Vena J E
Am J Epidemiol. 1982 Jul;116(1):42-56. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113401.
Retrospective data on residential and employment history and on smoking were obtained from 417 white male lung cancer patients and 752 controls with nonrespiratory, nonneoplastic diseases, from Erie County, New York, admitted to Roswell Park Memorial Institute from 1957-1965. Total suspended particulate data and a historical review of problem point sources of pollution were used to delineate air pollution zones. The findings did not support the hypothesis that air pollution alone significantly increased risk for lung cancer. However, there was increased risk from smoking and occupational exposures if there was also long-term exposure to air pollution. The risk for heavy smokers with heavy exposure to air pollution was over four times that of men with none of the high exposure traits. The findings suggest an apparent synergistic mechanism involving smoking and air pollution and smoking and occupational exposures. The findings are consistent with previous epidemiologic studies and with biologic and experimental evidence. The limitations of the methods used here necessitate further study and replication. However, the study indicates that air pollution should not be dismissed as a risk factor in lung cancer.
1957年至1965年期间，从纽约伊利县罗斯威尔帕克纪念研究所收治的417名白人男性肺癌患者和752名患有非呼吸道、非肿瘤性疾病的对照者那里获取了关于居住和就业历史以及吸烟情况的回顾性数据。利用总悬浮颗粒物数据以及对污染问题点源的历史回顾来划定空气污染区域。研究结果并不支持仅空气污染就会显著增加肺癌风险这一假设。然而，如果同时长期暴露于空气污染中，吸烟和职业暴露会增加患癌风险。重度吸烟者且重度暴露于空气污染中的人患癌风险是没有这些高暴露特征的男性的四倍多。研究结果表明，存在一种明显的协同机制，涉及吸烟与空气污染以及吸烟与职业暴露。这些发现与先前的流行病学研究以及生物学和实验证据一致。这里所使用方法的局限性需要进一步研究和重复验证。然而，该研究表明，空气污染不应被视为肺癌的一个可忽略的风险因素。
