Picone T A, Allen L H, Schramm M M, Olsen P N
Am J Clin Nutr. 1982 Dec;36(6):1205-13. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/36.6.1205.
This study examined the roles of diet, cigarette smoking, and psychological stress in pregnancy weight gain. The 60 were selected by defined criteria to minimize variation in anthropometric, socioeconomic, and medical variables which also affect weight gain. To maximize variation in weight gain, subjects were also selected on the basis of low weight gain (less than or equal to 15 lb) and adequate weight gain (greater than 15 lb). Each weight gain group contained smokers and nonsmokers. Smokers consumed more calories than nonsmokers (2119 versus 1810 kcal/day, p less than 0.01). for nonsmokers, differences between the intakes of low weight gain (1617 kcal/day) and adequate weight gain (1905 kcal/day) women were significant (p less than 0.02) and calorie intake was correlated with weight gain (r=0.44 p, less than 0.02). Psychological stress negatively correlated with weight gain (r=0.37, p less than 0.01) but not with calorie intake. We conclude that low weight gain is associated with a lower food intake. In contrast, smoking and stress may cause low weight gain by reducing the utilization of calories for weight gain.
本研究探讨了饮食、吸烟和心理压力在孕期体重增加中的作用。通过明确的标准选取了60名受试者，以尽量减少人体测量学、社会经济和医学变量的差异，这些变量也会影响体重增加。为了使体重增加的差异最大化，还根据低体重增加（小于或等于15磅）和适当体重增加（大于15磅）对受试者进行了选择。每个体重增加组都包含吸烟者和非吸烟者。吸烟者比非吸烟者摄入的热量更多（分别为2119千卡/天和1810千卡/天，p<0.01）。对于非吸烟者，低体重增加女性（1617千卡/天）和适当体重增加女性（1905千卡/天）的热量摄入差异显著（p<0.02），且热量摄入与体重增加相关（r=0.44，p<0.02）。心理压力与体重增加呈负相关（r=0.37，p<0.01），但与热量摄入无关。我们得出结论，低体重增加与较低的食物摄入量有关。相比之下，吸烟和压力可能通过减少用于体重增加的热量利用而导致低体重增加。
