Hansen K N, Bjerre-Knudsen J, Brodthagen U, Jordal R, Paulev P E
Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1982;48(2):177-88. doi: 10.1007/BF00422979.
Abnormal myoglobinemia (above 77 microgram/l) and free hemoglobin in plasma were found in 16 runners and in nine non runners immediately following distance running. The same abnormalities were found iun six elite rowers following rowing. In parallel with the rise in myoglobin and free hemoglobin a rise was found in serum concentrations of cellular enzymes (LDH, CK, ASAT, alkaline phosphatase) and of various metabolites. We found no proteinuria nor casts in the urine. Non runners had a higher rise in serum myoglobin than runners. Competitive running caused a rise in the serum concentration of the heart specific fraction of creatine kinase in seven of the nine (healthy) elite runners. The abnormal findings are only explainable on the basis of leakage of proteins from muscle cells to the circulation in otherwise healthy, well trained persons. Myoglobinemia and a transient rhabdomyolysis is a common phenomenon in long distance running, but evidently also occurs in distance rowing. Three months of running training prevented most of the muscle damage from relaxed jogging in the nine previous non runners. Neither the observed myoglobinemia nor the hemoglobinemia resulted in any significant loss of iron in the urine.
在16名跑步者和9名非跑步者进行长跑后即刻发现了异常的肌红蛋白血症（高于77微克/升）和血浆中的游离血红蛋白。在6名精英赛艇运动员赛艇后也发现了同样的异常情况。随着肌红蛋白和游离血红蛋白的升高，细胞酶（乳酸脱氢酶、肌酸激酶、谷草转氨酶、碱性磷酸酶）和各种代谢产物的血清浓度也出现了升高。我们在尿液中未发现蛋白尿和管型。非跑步者血清肌红蛋白的升高幅度高于跑步者。在9名（健康的）精英跑步者中，有7人在竞技跑步后血清中心脏特异性肌酸激酶部分的浓度出现升高。这些异常发现只能基于在其他方面健康且训练有素的人肌肉细胞中的蛋白质渗漏到循环系统来解释。肌红蛋白血症和短暂性横纹肌溶解在长跑中是常见现象，但显然在赛艇运动中也会发生。三个月的跑步训练预防了之前9名非跑步者在轻松慢跑时出现的大部分肌肉损伤。观察到的肌红蛋白血症和血红蛋白血症均未导致尿液中铁的显著流失。
