Levy S M
Int J Aging Hum Dev. 1980;12(2):93-110. doi: 10.2190/lqp5-aprl-xr91-e01p.
While the general portrayal of today's aging woman in the literature is a rather bleak one, the few studies that have been concerned with her adjustment to retirement have revealed discrepant findings. The present study investigated affect and temporal experience as indicators of adjustment through structured interviews with fifty-two female retirees. Data were analyzed by a 2x2x2 ANOVA comparing groups in terms of Health, Willingness to Retire, and Time Since Retirement. In general, it was found that both healthy and ill females who had not initially wanted to retire, did not adjust over time to the retirement state. Even above the median time since retirement, these women experienced negative affect and a constricted and discontinuous sense of time passage. Second, and in contrast with the findings of an earlier study with male retirees, chronically ill females were not uniform in terms of maladjustment. A significant portion of ill female interviewees were seemingly able to surmount the effects of bodily disease and adjust to the requirements of role transition in an adaptive manner. Differential needs of the aging male and female in this cohort were emphasized, and implications for intervention were drawn.
虽然文学作品中对当今老年女性的总体描述相当黯淡，但为数不多的关注她们退休适应情况的研究却得出了不一致的结果。本研究通过对52名退休女性进行结构化访谈，调查了情感和时间体验作为适应指标的情况。通过2×2×2方差分析对数据进行分析，比较了在健康状况、退休意愿和退休时间方面的不同组。总体而言，研究发现，最初不想退休的健康女性和患病女性，随着时间的推移都没有适应退休状态。即使超过退休后的中位数时间，这些女性仍体验到负面影响以及时间流逝的受限和不连续感。其次，与早期一项针对男性退休人员的研究结果相反，慢性病女性在适应不良方面并不一致。相当一部分患病女性受访者似乎能够克服身体疾病的影响，并以适应性方式适应角色转变的要求。强调了该队列中老年男性和女性的不同需求，并得出了干预的启示。
