Baross J A, Liston J, Morita R Y
Appl Environ Microbiol. 1978 Sep;36(3):492-9. doi: 10.1128/aem.36.3.492-499.1978.
Vibrio bacteriophages were isolated by enrichment from 177 of 643 samples of marine molluscan shellfish, crustaceans, seawater, and sediments. The predominant bacteriophage types isolated were specific for some strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. A high frequency of phage isolations was also observed with strains of agar-digesting vibrios (21 of 56) and psychrophilic vibrios (14 of 72) that were originally isolated from non-shellfish growing areas. No bacteriophages were isolated against V. alginolyticus and only rarely for V. anguillarum even though these were the two most abundant species found in near-shore environments. No V. cholerae phages were isolated. It was also determined from quantitative studies on the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) obtained from two environments in Washington and Oregon that the titers of V. parahaemolyticus bacteriophages increased with increasing seasonal water temperatures and that this was proportional to the increase in numbers of mesophilic vibrios and not with the incidence of V. parahaemolyticus. Titers of V. parahaemolyticus bacteriophages occasionally exceeded 10(6) per g of oyster during the summer months. Specific V. parahaemolyticus bacteriophages were also isolated from market seafoods and other marine samples that originated in cold environments where no mesophilic vibrios are expected to be found. The possibility that V. parahaemolyticus bacteriophages originate from Vibrio spp. other than V. parahaemolyticus and the role of these bacteriophages in the ecology of marine vibrios are discussed.
通过富集培养，从643份海洋软体贝类、甲壳类动物、海水和沉积物样本中的177份样本中分离出了弧菌噬菌体。分离出的主要噬菌体类型对某些副溶血性弧菌菌株具有特异性。在最初从非贝类生长区域分离出的琼脂消化弧菌菌株（56株中有21株）和嗜冷弧菌菌株（72株中有14株）中，也观察到了较高的噬菌体分离频率。未分离到针对溶藻弧菌的噬菌体，即使鳗弧菌是近岸环境中最常见的两种弧菌，但针对鳗弧菌的噬菌体也很少分离到。未分离到霍乱弧菌噬菌体。通过对从华盛顿和俄勒冈州的两个环境中采集的太平洋牡蛎（太平洋牡蛎）进行定量研究还发现，副溶血性弧菌噬菌体的滴度随着季节性水温的升高而增加，这与嗜温弧菌数量的增加成正比，而与副溶血性弧菌的发病率无关。在夏季，每克牡蛎中副溶血性弧菌噬菌体的滴度偶尔会超过10⁶。还从市场海鲜和其他源自寒冷环境（预计不会发现嗜温弧菌）的海洋样本中分离出了特异性副溶血性弧菌噬菌体。讨论了副溶血性弧菌噬菌体起源于除副溶血性弧菌之外的其他弧菌属的可能性以及这些噬菌体在海洋弧菌生态学中的作用。
