Greene B F, Bailey J S, Barber F
J Appl Behav Anal. 1981 Summer;14(2):177-92. doi: 10.1901/jaba.1981.14-177.
Thousands of children are injured or killed each year in school bus accidents. A significant number of these tragic incidents is precipitated by disruptive child behavior that distracts the drivers from their difficult task. Two experiments were conducted which addressed this problem. For both experiments an automated sound recording device (referred to as a Noise Guard) selectively responsive to frequencies above 500 Hz (i.e., unresponsive to bus drone) recorded both the duration and frequency of noise outbursts above a tolerable threshold. Additionally, an observer made in situ measurements of other disruptions including roughhousing and getting-out-of-seat. In the first experiment, following baseline measurements of these behaviors, middle-school students received feedback for noise outbursts. That is, when "Noise Guard" was activated, it in turn operated one of several lights on a panel visible to all passengers. Each day students were allowed to listen to high-appeal taped music while riding the bus and to participate in a raffle for prizes, provided the number of outbursts on the preceding day remained below a specified criterion indicated on the light panel. This intervention resulted in drastic reductions of noise outbursts with a concomitant reduction in other disruptive behaviors. Comparable results were obtained in the second experiment which eliminated the raffle from the intervention.
每年都有成千上万的儿童在校车事故中受伤或死亡。这些悲惨事件中有相当一部分是由儿童的破坏性行为引发的，这些行为使司机从艰巨的驾驶任务中分心。为此进行了两项实验。在这两项实验中，一个自动录音设备（称为“噪音卫士”）对500赫兹以上的频率有选择性反应（即对校车的嗡嗡声无反应），记录了超过可容忍阈值的噪音爆发的持续时间和频率。此外，一名观察者对包括打闹和离座在内的其他干扰进行了现场测量。在第一个实验中，在对这些行为进行基线测量之后，中学生收到了关于噪音爆发的反馈。也就是说，当“噪音卫士”启动时，它会操作一块所有乘客都能看到的面板上的几盏灯中的一盏。每天学生们在乘坐校车时可以听吸引人的录音音乐，并参加抽奖赢取奖品，前提是前一天的爆发次数保持在灯板上显示的指定标准以下。这种干预导致噪音爆发大幅减少，同时其他破坏性行为也减少了。在第二个实验中，干预措施中取消了抽奖，也得到了类似的结果。
