Kehrberg M W, Latham R H, Haslam B T, Hightower A, Tanner M, Jacobson J A, Barbour A G, Noble V, Smith C B
Am J Epidemiol. 1981 Dec;114(6):873-9. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113257.
Fifty-two cases of toxic-shock syndrome that occurred in January 1, 1976 through August 31, 1980, were reported to the Utah State Health Department between February 1 and August 31, 1980. The annual attack rate for Utah based on a six-month surveillance period was 14.4 per 100,000 women ages 12-49 years. All cases were in women who had onset of illness within two days of menses. Potential risk factors were investigated with a case-control study utilizing 29 women hospitalized with toxic-shock syndrome and 91 neighborhood female controls. Nine of the 29 (31%) women reported recurrences of similar illness. Use of tampons (p = 0.012) and use of a single brand of tampon-Rely-during the month of illness (p less than 0.005, RR =6.11) were associated with a significantly increased risk of acquiring toxic-shock syndrome. More controls were sexually active than women who had toxic-shock syndrome (p less than 0.05, RR - 0.277). This epidemiologic investigation of toxic-shock syndrome in menstrual-age women has identified tampons generally and a single brand specifically as significant risk factors in acquiring toxic-shock syndrome.
1980年2月1日至8月31日期间，犹他州卫生部门收到报告，1976年1月1日至1980年8月31日期间发生了52例中毒性休克综合征。基于六个月监测期的犹他州年发病率为每10万名12 - 49岁女性中有14.4例。所有病例均为在月经开始两天内发病的女性。利用29名因中毒性休克综合征住院的女性和91名社区女性对照进行病例对照研究，对潜在风险因素进行了调查。29名女性中有9名（31%）报告有类似疾病复发。使用卫生棉条（p = 0.012）以及在发病当月使用单一品牌卫生棉条——高洁丝（p < 0.005，相对危险度 = 6.11）与患中毒性休克综合征的风险显著增加有关。有性生活的对照女性比患中毒性休克综合征的女性更多（p < 0.05，相对危险度 = 0.277）。这项对育龄期女性中毒性休克综合征的流行病学调查已确定，一般而言卫生棉条以及特定的单一品牌是患中毒性休克综合征的重要风险因素。
